International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 324-341 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 325 characterization of these polysaccharides, as well as their specific antitumor mechanisms and broader biological activities. Through this study detailed examination, hopes to highlight the therapeutic potential of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides and their possible applications in modern medicine. 2 Basic Properties and Chemical Composition of Sanghuangporus Polysaccharides 2.1 Extraction and isolation of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides The extraction, isolation, and purification of polysaccharides form the basis for further research into their monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, primary structure, types and degrees of branching, configuration, biological activity, and structure-activity relationship. Sanghuangporus polysaccharides can be extracted using various methods, including hot water extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. For instance, the optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Sanghuangporus vaninii were found to be an extraction temperature of 60°C, an extraction time of 60 minutes, a solid-liquid ratio of 40 g/mL, and an ultrasonic power of 70 W, achieving an extraction rate of 1.41% (Liu et al., 2023b). Another method involves the use of a thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO) copolymer and deep eutectic solvents (DES), which has shown high efficiency in extracting polysaccharides (Figure 1; Figure 2) (Gao et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022a). Figure 1 Schematic illustration of preparation, structural elucidation, and bioactivity determination of the polysaccharides derived from the naturallymedicinal fungal resources Sanghuangporus (Adopted from Wang et al., 2022a)
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