International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 324-341 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 324 Research Insight Open Access Study on the Antitumor Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Sanghuangporus Polysaccharides Haiyan Chen 1,2 , Pengfei Hu 3, Li Liang4, KeLi 1, Binghui Liu 1, Liujing Zhou1, Xinci Zheng1 1 College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130022, Heilongjiang, China; 2 College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Heilongjiang, China; 3 Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130012, Heilongjiang, China; 4 School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China Corresponding author: 100361@cstu.edu.cn International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/ijmms.2024.14.0033 Received: 14 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 22 Oct., 2024 Published: 06 Nov., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Chen et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Chen H.Y., Hu P.F., Liang L., Li K., Liu B.H., Zhou L.J., and Zheng X.C., 2024, Study on the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of Sanghuangporus Polysaccharides, International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 14(6): 324-341 (doi: 10.5376/ijmms.2024.14.0033) Abstract This study explores the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides. As the main active components of the traditional medicinal mushroom, Sanghuangporus polysaccharides exhibit significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. They inhibit tumor growth by regulating the cell cycle, promoting apoptosis, and reducing cancer cell migration and invasion. Sanghuangporus polysaccharides exert antitumor effects by activating the p53 signaling pathway and down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Additionally, their antioxidant properties help alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in cancer patients. Sanghuangporus polysaccharides can also be used for cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy, making them a promising natural therapeutic agent. Keywords Sanghuangporus polysaccharides; Antitumor effects; Apoptosis; Oxidative stress; Cancer therapy 1 Introduction Sanghuangporus, a traditional medicinal mushroom, has been utilized in Asia for nearly 2 000 years due to its various health benefits, including its potential anticancer properties (Wan et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022b). Polysaccharides derived fromSanghuangporus have garnered significant attention for their biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, and particularly antitumor effects (Wang et al., 2022b; Zhou et al., 2023). Recent studies have demonstrated that these polysaccharides can inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated (Chen and Huang, 2018; Wan et al., 2020). The increasing incidence of cancer and the severe side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy drugs underscore the urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects (Xie et al., 2020). Polysaccharides derived from Phellinus linteus exhibit a wide range of biological activities, with antitumor properties being particularly noteworthy. These polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation in various cancer cell lines. For instance, Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides (SVP) have demonstrated modest anti-proliferative activity against HeLa, SHG-44, SMMC-7721, and MCF-7 cells. They effectively regulate the cell cycle, promote apoptosis, and reduce the migratory and invasive capacities of cancer cells. The antitumor mechanisms of these polysaccharides involve the activation of p53-related genes and the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, which are crucial for tumor suppression (Wan et al., 2020). Additionally, polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus Sanghuang have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, further contributing to their therapeutic potential (Zhou et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2023b). This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides, discuses the traditional applications and medicinal value of Phellinus linteus, as well as the specific biological activities of its polysaccharides, seeks to elucidate the potential of these natural compounds in cancer therapy. This study reviews an analysis of the extraction, purification, and structural
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