International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 355-368 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 359 of the risk for DLB, indicating that common genetic variants play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. These results provide insights into the unique genetic profile of DLB, suggesting that it is not merely an intermediate state between AD and PD but rather possesses a distinct genetic foundation. Figure 2 Role of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Adopted from Hansen et al., 2018) Image caption: The figure shows that APOE is lipidated by ABCA1 to form high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which interact with amyloid-beta (Aβ) monomers and oligomers, and bind to various receptors including LRP1, LDLR, VLDLR, and ApoER2, while also interacting with TREM2 in microglia. The figure indicates that APOE, through its interactions with Aβ and multiple receptors, influences amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammatory responses, revealing the potential key role of APOE in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Adapted from Hansen et al., 2018) Figure 3 Regional association plot for the SNCA locus (Adopted from Guerreiro et al., 2018) Image caption: The figure shows the results of conditional analysis of the SNCA gene region in the study of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). The conditional analysis validates the genetic association differences between DLB and Parkinson's Disease (PD). The figure reveals varying association strengths of different SNP loci in the SNCA gene for DLB and PD, with a significant association at the rs7681440 locus in DLB, while the association is weaker in PD. The results indicate that although DLB and PD share overlapping genetic risk factors at the SNCA gene, they also have unique genetic risk patterns, further supporting DLB as a distinct disease with its own genetic characteristics (Adapted from Guerreiro et al., 2018) The APOE ε4 allele, a major genetic risk factor for AD, is also involved in LBD, especially in cases with concurrent AD pathology (Kaivola et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2021). Furthermore, GBA mutations, which affect the
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