International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 324-341 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 337 (Wang et al., 2022b). However, rigorous clinical studies and regulatory approvals are necessary to translate these prospects into reality. While Sanghuangporus polysaccharides exhibit significant antitumor potential, further research is needed to fully understand their molecular mechanisms, overcome development challenges, and realize their clinical application. Collaborative efforts across various scientific disciplines will be key to unlocking the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds. 9 Concluding Remarks The studies on Sanghuangporus polysaccharides have demonstrated significant antitumor effects across various cancer models. Specifically, Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides (SVP) have shown to inhibit tumor proliferation, regulate the cell cycle, promote apoptosis, and reduce the migratory and invasive capacities of cancer cells, particularly in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The mechanism involves the activation of p53-related genes and down-regulation of MMP expression. Additionally, polysaccharides from other sources, such as Grifola frondosa and Actinidia eriantha, have also exhibited potent antitumor activities by enhancing immune responses and inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. The structural characterization of these polysaccharides reveals that their antitumor efficacy is closely related to their specific molecular compositions and structural features. The research on Sanghuangporus polysaccharides has significantly contributed to the understanding of natural polysaccharides as potential antitumor agents. These studies have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of these polysaccharides, highlighting their ability to modulate key signaling pathways, such as the p53 pathway, and to enhance immuneresponses. Furthermore, the structural analysis of these polysaccharides has elucidated the relationship between their molecular structure and biological activity, paving the way for the development of more effective polysaccharide-based therapies. The findings also underscore the potential of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides as functional foods and nutraceuticals with health-promoting properties. The promising antitumor effects of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides suggest their potential application in cancer therapy. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of these polysaccharides in human subjects. Additionally, the structural modification of polysaccharides could further enhance their antitumor activity, offering new avenues for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The immunomodulatory properties of these polysaccharides also indicate their potential use in combination therapies to boost the immune response in cancer patients. Moreover, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides highlight their potential in the prevention and treatment of other diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, thereby broadening their therapeutic applications. By advancing our understanding of the antitumor mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides, these studies lay the groundwork for future research and development in the field of natural product-based cancer therapies. Acknowledgments Thank you to the anonymous peer review for providing targeted revision suggestions for the manuscript. Funding This research was fiinded by agrant from Changchun Sci-Tech University Youth Fund Project 2024ZD001. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bie N., Han L., Wang Y., Wang X., and Wang C., 2020, A polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa fruit body induces HT-29 cells apoptosis by PI3K/AKT-MAPKs and NF-κB-pathway, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 147: 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.062
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