International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 324-341 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 335 strategies can lead to improved antitumor efficacy by targeting multiple pathways and mechanisms involved in tumor growth and progression (Li et al., 2023). The broad application prospects of polysaccharides are further supported by their non-toxic nature and ability to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. As more efficient polysaccharides with antitumor activities are discovered, their integration into clinical practice is expected to grow, providing new avenues for cancer treatment (Yang et al., 2021). The combined application of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides with conventional antitumor drugs holds significant potential for improving cancer treatment outcomes. The synergistic effects, molecular mechanisms, and clinical prospects discussed herein highlight the importance of further research and development in this area to fully realize the therapeutic benefits of such combinations. 7 Potential of Sanghuangporus Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention 7.1 Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides Sanghuangporus polysaccharides have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which are crucial in cancer prevention. These polysaccharides can modulate the immune system by enhancing the activity of various immune cells, such as lymphocytes and myeloid cells, thereby boosting the body's natural defense mechanisms against cancerous cells (Ren et al., 2020). The immunomodulatory activities of these polysaccharides are attributed to their ability to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, which are essential for identifying and eliminating tumor cells (Ramberg et al., 2010; Ren et al., 2020). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides help in reducing chronic inflammation, a known risk factor for cancer development. Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage, promote tumor growth, and create an environment conducive to cancer progression. By mitigating inflammation, Sanghuangporus polysaccharides can potentially lower the risk of cancer initiation and progression (Wang et al., 2022b; Pradhan et al., 2023). These combined anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects make Sanghuangporus polysaccharides a promising candidate for cancer prevention strategies. 7.2 Application of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides in early cancer prevention The application of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides in early cancer prevention is supported by their ability to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Studies have shown that these polysaccharides can regulate cell cycle progression, promote apoptosis, and reduce the migratory and invasive capacities of cancer cells. For instance, polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii have been found to activate the p53 signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells (Wan et al., 2020). This suggests that Sanghuangporus polysaccharides can be effective in preventing the early stages of cancer by targeting and eliminating abnormal cells before they develop into malignant tumors. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides contribute to their cancer-preventive effects. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, which can cause oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to cancer. By scavenging these free radicals, Sanghuangporus polysaccharides help protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the likelihood of cancer development (Wang et al., 2022b; Pradhan et al., 2023). These properties highlight the potential of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides as a natural and effective means of early cancer prevention. 7.3 Application of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides in dietary supplements The incorporation of Sanghuangporus polysaccharides into dietary supplements offers a practical approach to harness their cancer-preventive properties. As dietary supplements, these polysaccharides can be consumed regularly to provide continuous support to the immune system and maintain overall health. The safety and tolerability of polysaccharides from various sources, including Sanghuangporus, have been well-documented, making them suitable for long-term use as dietary supplements (Ramberg et al., 2010; Li et al., 2021).
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