International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 315-323 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 319 The herb is traditionally used to treat kidney ailments. Modern research has confirmed its efficacy in reducing the progression of renal failure. R. glutinosa extracts have been found to decrease serum creatinine levels, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis in animal models of kidney disease (Lee et al., 2009). The neuroprotective properties of R. glutinosa make it a promising candidate for treating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Studies have shown that it can improve cognitive function and protect against neuronal damage by modulating inflammatory responses and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (Lee et al., 2011). 5.4 Case studies and clinical reports Several case studies and clinical reports provide practical insights into the application of R. glutinosa in modern medicine. For example, in a study on the effects of R. glutinosa on bone health, it was found to prevent bone loss and improve bone density in ovariectomized rats, suggesting its potential use in treating osteoporosis (Figure 2) (Lim and Kim, 2013; Gong et al., 2019). Another report detailed the use of R. glutinosa in treating renal failure, highlighting its ability to improve kidney function and reduce symptoms of nephropathy (Lee et al., 2009). These examples illustrate the broad therapeutic potential of Rehmannia glutinosa when integrated with contemporary medical practices, paving the way for its wider acceptance and use in modern healthcare. Figure 2 Mechanism and experimental design of water extract of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata in diabetic rats and MC3T3-E1 cells (Adopted from Gong et al., 2019) Image caption: This figure describes the study design and partial results of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata aqueous extract in diabetic rats and MC3T3-E1 cells. The application of Rehmannia glutinosa extract in diabetic rats may improve their bone health, and in cell experiments, specific components in Rehmannia glutinosa extract may promote the growth and differentiation of bone cells through specific signaling pathways (Adopted from Gong et al., 2019) 6 Safety and Toxicology 6.1 Toxicological studies and findings Recent studies have shown that while Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) is widely used in traditional and modern medicine, there are potential toxicological risks associated with its use. For instance, certain toxic components in RG may pose safety concerns, as these toxic substances are produced through the plant's metabolic processes and may threaten human health (Yang et al., 2020). Additionally, some studies have indicated that specific components of RG may induce cytotoxic reactions under certain conditions, warranting caution in its clinical use (Huang et al., 2022). 6.2 Dosage and administration guidelines The dosage and administration of RG vary between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medical practices. In TCM, RG is typically prepared in various forms such as raw Rehmannia, cooked Rehmannia, and
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==