International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 216-226 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 221 Figure 2 Meta-analysis results of primary outcomes (Adopted from Cheng et al., 2023) Image caption: (A) comparison of the proportion of patients achieving response with guided versus unguided treatment; (B) comparison of the proportion of patients achieving remission with guided versus unguided treatment. CI, confidence interval; PGx, pharmacogenomics; TAU, treatment as usual (Adopted from Cheng et al., 2023) 4.3 Cost-effectiveness Economic evaluations have shown that personalized treatment approaches can be cost-effective. The initial costs of pharmacogenomic testing are often offset by the reduction in ineffective treatments and the associated healthcare costs. For instance, a study on the economic impact of pharmacogenomics-guided treatments found that the improved response and remission rates led to lower overall healthcare costs by reducing the need for additional treatments and hospitalizations (Rosenblat et al., 2018). This suggests that personalized treatments not only improve clinical outcomes but also offer economic benefits. Cost-benefit analyses further support the economic viability of personalized treatments. By improving treatment efficacy and reducing the duration of ineffective treatments, pharmacogenomics-guided care can lead to significant cost savings. For example, the IMPACT study demonstrated that patients receiving pharmacogenomic-guided care had better outcomes and required fewer additional treatments, resulting in lower overall healthcare costs (Thase et al., 2019). These findings highlight the potential for personalized treatments to provide both clinical and economic advantages. In summary, the impact of genomics on treatment outcomes for depression is multifaceted, encompassing improvements in efficacy, patient adherence, satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Personalized treatments, guided by pharmacogenomic testing, offer a promising approach to enhancing the management of depression, particularly for patients who have not responded to standard treatments. The evidence from clinical trials and economic evaluations underscores the potential benefits of integrating genomics into routine clinical practice.
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