International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 167-176 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 167 Research Report Open Access New Hope in Transplantation Medicine: The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Prevention and Treatment of GVHD CaixinLi Diady Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201100, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: cxli824@126.com International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ijmms.2024.14.0020 Received: 12 May., 2024 Accepted: 14 Jun., 2024 Published: 25 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li C.X., 2024, New hope in transplantation medicine: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the prevention and treatment of GVHD, International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 14(3): 167-176 (doi: 10.5376/ijmms.2024.14.0020) Abstract GVHD is a common complication after bone marrow transplantation, which can cause multiple system damage and seriously affect the quality of life and survival of patients. MSCs have become a hot topic in the treatment of GVHD in recent years due to their unique immune regulatory properties. This study explores the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and analyzes the efficacy and safety of MSCs in GVHD treatment. The results indicate that MSCs can effectively improve GVHD symptoms, prolong patient survival, and have fewer adverse reactions. MSCs, as an innovative therapy, have shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of GVHD. This study aims to clarify the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action of MSCs in the prevention and treatment of GVHD by comprehensively analyzing existing research data, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical application. Keywords Mesenchymal stem cell; Transplantation medicine; Graft-versus-host disease; Immune regulation; Treatment strategies In the past few decades, transplant medicine has made significant progress, providing new treatment options for many previously difficult to treat diseases. With the development of technology and a deeper understanding of transplant biology, transplantation has become an effective way to reconstruct damaged tissue and organ function. However, despite significant technological advancements, post transplant complications, especially graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), remain one of the main limiting factors for transplant success rates (Kuba and Raida, 2018). GVHD is a complex immune mediated response that typically occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells or organ transplantation. It is divided into acute and chronic forms, each with its specific clinical manifestations and onset time. Acute GVHD usually occurs within the first 100 days after transplantation, characterized mainly by skin, liver, and gastrointestinal damage; Chronic GVHD may occur 100 days later, with more diverse manifestations that can affect multiple organs and tissues (Lee, 2017). The occurrence of GVHD not only increases patient pain and treatment costs, but also seriously affects the quality of life and long-term survival rate after transplantation. In the process of seeking effective prevention and treatment methods for GVHD, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received widespread attention due to their unique immune regulatory ability. MSCs are a type of pluripotent stem cells with broad differentiation potential, which can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and various other tissues (Ouryazdanpanah et al., 2018). In addition to being able to differentiate into multiple cell types, MSCs also have the ability to regulate immune responses, promote tissue repair, and suppress inflammation, making them demonstrate enormous potential in regenerative medicine and immunomodulatory therapies. Especially in the prevention and treatment of GVHD, the application research of MSCs has brought new hope to the field of transplant medicine. This study explores the application of mesenchymal stem cells in transplantation medicine, particularly their role and potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of GVHD. By gaining a deeper understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of action of MSCs, it is expected to provide new strategies for the management of postoperative complications, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life of transplant patients.
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