International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 132-143 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 137 differential expression and playing roles in the pathogenesis of hypertensive LVH (Kaneto et al., 2017). These biomarkers hold promise for improving the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of HHD through personalized medicine approaches, providing a deeper understanding of the disease's molecular underpinnings. Table 1 Replicated DNA Methylation Sites (Adopted from Meder et al., 2017) CpG Chr Genes Within 10 kb Discovery P Value Replication P Value Fisher Combined P Value cg16318181 3 FLJ411; CMS1 2.31728E-08 0.00038892 2.2831E-09 cg25838968 1 PLIN2A2 1.65272E-07 0.000198346 8.7536E-10 cg01726792 14 NDRG2; TPPP; RNASE7 1.31022E-06 0.00018914 2.3233E-08 cg05978306 17 MYO1C; CRK 1.54725E-06 0.00197292 4.1645E-08 cg18251389 7 - 1.83806E-06 0.02151659 4.27745E-07 cg05876300 19 FCGR 1.82918E-06 0.0105793 4.2781E-07 cg18601596 6 KCKN17 2.44396E-06 0.02223280 6.93125E-07 cg03426023 16 IRX5; GRNDE 2.47814E-06 0.04439424 1.80708E-06 cg11768330 17 TTYH2 2.48453E-06 0.04409963 1.70574E-06 cg24415066 4 HAND2; HAND2-AS1 2.95582E-06 0.04726941 2.2943E-06 cg17912835 2 POU3F3 3.51704E-06 0.0237071 1.2427E-06 cg19567891 15 LINC00925 3.93456E-06 0.02148299 1.46087E-06 ch.16.407979R 16 CLEC16A 4.25310E-06 0.02210431 1.6152E-06 cg17921767 6 TREM1 4.35414E-06 0.01407292 1.4025E-07 cg2891963 10 LIN00263; SCD 4.55249E-06 0.00102792 8.31064E-07 cg17939647 10 TRBF1 4.67024E-06 0.00751621 6.3746E-08 cg14236204 1 RGS3 4.73868E-06 0.00087607 8.43259E-08 cg24366665 15 - 5.19458E-06 0.00308714 8.5253E-08 cg19194167 15 C9NL1 5.12152E-06 0.01916589 1.71017E-06 cg01924968 15 CFB3S; UB3LY11; P38GW1 5.24887E-06 0.020249042 1.81828E-06 cg08875532 2 KCNIP3 5.49783E-06 0.001581898 1.4797E-06 ch.11.10757666F 11 BIRC3 5.53312E-06 0.000517862 5.78485E-07 cg14504418 11 SEPN5 5.84334E-06 0.0305320378 3.29008E-06 cg19683073 5 SERINC5 5.83025E-06 0.003632588 3.99594E-07 cg26948123 5 STK10 6.21776E-06 0.000875932 4.09086E-06 cg02841084 15 HERC2 6.29789E-06 0.040973871 1.08588E-06 cg16254946 1 GLIS1 7.42335E-06 0.356842E-06 6.7146E-10 Note: Dashes indicate no known gene is annotated for this CpG. Chr indicates chromosome; and CpG, Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (Adopted from Meder et al., 2017) 5 Clinical Implications of Epigenetic Biomarkers 5.1 Diagnostic potential Epigenetic biomarkers have shown significant promise in the early diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). These biomarkers include DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which can be detected in accessible biological samples such as blood (Li et al., 2022). For example, differential DNA methylation at specific CpG sites associated with key genes involved in cardiac function and blood pressure regulation can serve as early indicators of HHD before clinical symptoms manifest. These epigenetic changes provide a molecular signature that reflects the pathological processes occurring in the heart, making them valuable tools for early diagnosis (Rask-Andersen et al., 2016). miRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-126, which are involved in cardiac fibrosis and endothelial function, have been identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosing HHD. The detection of these miRNAs in blood samples offers a non-invasive method for early identification of patients at risk of developing HHD, facilitating timely intervention and management (Kontaraki et al., 2014).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==