International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 123-131 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 125 3.1 Clinical cases and research progress of MSCs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases With the continuous progress of medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a promising therapeutic method, have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This unique cell type has become a research hotspot in the field of autoimmune disease therapy due to its multi-potential, low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties. Yi and Song (2012) mentioned in their study that the therapeutic potential of MSCs has been preliminarily verified in in vitro experiments and animal models. Subsequently, a series of clinical trials further confirmed the efficacy of MSCs in patients with autoimmune diseases. For example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking its own healthy cells and tissues. Intravenous administration of MSCs can significantly improve the symptoms and biochemical markers of SLE patients. These improvements included reduced levels of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, increased complement levels, and increased survival for patients. This study provides strong support for the application of MSCs in the treatment of SLE (Figure 1). Figure 1 Potential mechanisms of the MSCs interactions with immune cells (Yi and Song, 2012) According to the study of Kong Weixia et al. (2009), in addition to SLE, MSCs have also shown good efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disease, mainly manifested by joint inflammation, pain, stiffness and other symptoms. By local injection or intravenous injection of MSCs, it has been found that joint inflammation, pain and morning stiffness symptoms in RA patients can be significantly reduced, and joint function can be improved. These positive therapeutic effects are partly attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs and their regulation of immune cell function. MSCs can inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair by secreting a variety of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and anti-inflammatory factors. 3.2 Application of immune regulation of mesenchymal stem cells in specific autoimmune diseases MSCs have significant potential and advantages in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. They not only directly inhibit the abnormal activity of the immune system, but also promote tissue repair and regeneration, providing a new direction for the treatment of these diseases. Future studies are needed to further optimize treatment regimens
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