International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 81-89 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 88 The CRISPR-Cas system can be used for drug production and disease treatment. Through editing the cell genome, more efficient cell lines for drug production can be created, enhancing the yield and quality of pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the CRISPR-Cas system can be used in gene therapy, repairing defective genes within patients to treat genetic diseases and conditions such as cancer. In the field of biological research, the CRISPR-Cas system is instrumental in studying gene function and regulatory mechanisms. By editing the cell genome, researchers can investigate the function and impact of specific genes, unraveling the relationships between genes and biological processes. Additionally, the CRISPR-Cas system can be employed to study cutting-edge areas such as the three-dimensional structure of the genome and epigenetics. 5 Conclusion and Prospects The CRISPR-Cas system has achieved remarkable progress in both laboratory and clinical settings, showcasing enormous potential. As a technology with tremendous promise, the CRISPR-Cas system is poised to revolutionize fields such as genome editing and gene therapy. It has found widespread applications in genome editing, gene therapy, and disease research. However, further research and efforts are still needed to address the challenges and issues it faces, aiming to realize its goal of widespread application. The strength of the CRISPR-Cas system lies in its efficient, precise, and flexible gene-editing capabilities, enabling scientists to better understand gene function and disease mechanisms, and develop more effective treatment methods. In laboratory settings, the CRISPR-Cas system has been employed to edit the genomes of various organisms, including cells, animals, and plants. In clinical settings, the CRISPR-Cas system has begun to be applied in gene therapy, providing new treatment options for certain genetic diseases. The CRISPR-Cas system still encounters challenges and issues that need resolution. One of them is ensuring the accuracy and safety of edits to avoid unnecessary side effects and unintended genetic alterations. Additionally, improvements in delivery efficiency and specificity of the CRISPR-Cas system are necessary to ensure its feasibility and reliability in clinical applications. Looking ahead, the development trajectory and application prospects of the CRISPR-Cas system are vast. Beyond the medical field, it can play a crucial role in agriculture, bioenergy, environmental protection, and biological research. With continuous technological development and refinement, we can anticipate greater breakthroughs and applications of the CRISPR-Cas system in genome editing, gene therapy, and disease research. Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to Ms. Mengting Luo for her guidance and review of this paper. Her many constructive suggestions have greatly contributed to the refinement of the research. References Das S., Bano S., Kapse P., and Gopal C., 2022, Kundu CRISPR based therapeutics: a new paradigm in cancer precision medicine, Mol. Cancer, 21: 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01552-6 PMid:35337340 PMCid:PMC8953071 Garcia-Robledo J.E., Barrera M.C., & Tobón G.J., 2020, CRISPR/Cas: from adaptive immune system in prokaryotes to therapeutic weapon against immune-related diseases, International Reviews of Immunology, 39(1): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2019.1677645 PMid:31625429 Gonzalez-Avila L.U., Vega-López J.M., Pelcastre-Rodríguez L.I., Cabrero-Martínez O.A., Hernández-Cortez C., and Castro-Escarpulli G., 2021, The Challenge of CRISPR-Cas Toward Bioethics, Front. Microbiol, 12: 657981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.657981 PMid:34122373 PMCid:PMC8195329 Javed M.R., Sadaf M., Ahmed T. Jamil A, Nawaz M., Abbas H., and Ijaz A., 2018, CRISPR-Cas System: History and Prospects as a Genome Editing Tool in Microorganisms, Curr Microbiol., 75: 1675-1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1547-4 PMid:30078067
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