International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 69-79 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 75 Figure 2 Effects of PCSK9 variants on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Hopewell et al., 2017) Based on this discovery, researchers have successfully developed PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, such as ilozumab and Aliciumab (Iqbal et al., 2019). These drugs can specifically inhibit the function of PCSK9, thereby reducing LDL-C levels and effectively preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that PCSK9 inhibitors perform well in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, providing a new powerful weapon for cardiovascular disease prevention. This successful case fully demonstrates the important role of genomics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. By delving into the association between genes and cardiovascular disease, researchers can not only discover new drug targets, but also provide scientific basis for drug development, ultimately bringing good news to patients. 3 Challenges and Prospects 3.1 Ethical, privacy, and legal issues faced The application of genomics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases faces numerous ethical, privacy, and legal issues. From an ethical perspective, genomics involves the acquisition and use of individual genetic information. This requires doctors to respect individual autonomy and privacy in research and application, ensuring that their genetic information is not abused or leaked. We also need to consider the issue of genetic discrimination, which refers to unfair treatment in employment, insurance, and other aspects due to differences in individual genetic information. Therefore, it is necessary to establish corresponding ethical norms and regulatory mechanisms to ensure the fairness and impartiality of genomic research. Privacy protection is an important issue that needs to be addressed in genomics applications. Individual genetic information belongs to highly sensitive personal data, and once leaked or abused, it may cause serious physical and mental harm to the individual. Therefore, strict data protection measures need to be taken to ensure the security and privacy of genetic information. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate and improve relevant regulations at the legal and regulatory level, clarify the requirements for the collection, storage, use, and sharing of genetic information, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of individuals.
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