International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 69-79 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 73 2 The Application of Genomics in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.1 Application of genomics in risk assessment Genomics plays an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially in the field of risk assessment. By utilizing advanced genomic technologies, scientists can more accurately assess an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease, providing strong support for early prevention and intervention measures. In terms of risk assessment, genomic technology can analyze individual genetic information and identify genetic variations related to cardiovascular disease. These genetic variations may involve multiple aspects such as heart structure, function, and metabolic pathways, providing in-depth insights into individual cardiovascular disease risk. By analyzing this genetic information, doctors can develop more personalized prevention strategies. Liu et al. (2018) believe that adjusting lifestyle, improving dietary habits, and increasing physical exercise can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Abraham et al. (2016) studied the Genomic Risk Score (GRS) of 49310 SNPs generated from a meta-analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) based on the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium, and independently tested it in five prospective population cohorts. Benes et al. (2018) outlined the progress in genomic medicine, particularly in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction through gene risk scoring. Genomic technology can also be used to construct animal models and simulate the occurrence and development of human cardiovascular diseases. These animal models can help researchers delve deeper into the interrelationships between genes and diseases, further revealing the genetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. By understanding these mechanisms, more effective drugs and treatment methods can be developed, providing more comprehensive support for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The application of genomics in risk assessment is still in its developmental stage, and there are still some challenges and limitations. For example, the function and impact of many genetic variations are still not fully understood, which may affect the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment. In addition, the application of genomic technology also needs to consider ethical, privacy, and legal issues to ensure its reasonable and safe use in cardiovascular disease prevention. 2.2 Personalized drug selection and dosage adjustment Genomics can not only be used for risk assessment in cardiovascular disease prevention, but also guide personalized drug selection and dosage adjustment. By understanding individual genetic variations, doctors can accurately select drugs targeting specific genetic variations, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing adverse reactions. Musunuru (2014) explored how the ability to obtain personalized genomes can transform patient care, enabling doctors to more accurately predict disease risk and tailor treatment based on individual circumstances. Special emphasis was placed on the application of pharmacogenetics in determining drug or dose selection. In terms of drug selection, genomic technology can help doctors determine which drugs are more effective for specific individuals. Rysz et al. (2020) found that certain genetic variations may lead to changes in the metabolism and efficacy of certain drugs in the body. Therefore, by detecting these genetic variations, doctors can choose the most effective drugs for individuals. For example, in the treatment of hypertension, certain genetic variations may lead to poor efficacy of certain antihypertensive drugs, while others may be more effective. Through genomic testing, doctors can select the most suitable antihypertensive drugs for patients, thereby improving treatment effectiveness. Genomics can also provide important guidance in adjusting drug dosage. Different individuals may have different reactions to drugs, so adjusting drug dosage based on individual genetic variations can better balance drug efficacy and side effects. Rysz et al. (2020) discussed that increasing or decreasing drug doses may help improve efficacy or reduce adverse reactions in certain situations. Through genomic testing, doctors can more accurately predict an individual's response to drugs and adjust drug dosage accordingly, thereby achieving personalized drug treatment.
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