International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 48-55 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 54 gene mutations, or adjusting treatment plans based on individual gene expression patterns to maximize gene function restoration and disease improvement. The microbiome is a collection of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the human body, which has a significant impact on cardiovascular health. Personal microbial composition can predict the risk of cardiovascular disease by analyzing gut microbiota, and may be managed through microbial preparations or dietary adjustments to cardiovascular health (Witkowski et al., 2020). The use of genomic and biomarker information can help predict the progression and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in patients. This helps with early intervention and effective treatment, reducing the occurrence of complications. The application of personalized gene therapy and precision medicine enables doctors to develop personalized treatment plans based on the patient's genetic characteristics, biomarkers, and environmental factors (Zhang et al., 2021). This personalized treatment method is expected to improve treatment effectiveness, reduce adverse reactions, and bring better results for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 4 Summary and Outlook Significant progress has been made in the development and clinical translation of gene therapy in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Gene therapy provides new means for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases by repairing, replacing, or regulating abnormal genes. In recent years, research has discovered genes related to cardiovascular disease, laying the foundation for the development of treatments targeting these genes. In addition, the application of gene editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 makes gene therapy more precise and efficient. These technologies enable us to directly modify the patient's genes to achieve therapeutic effects. In order to accurately deliver genes to cardiovascular tissues, a reliable delivery system is also needed. The development of nanotechnology and carrier technology has significantly improved the delivery efficiency and stability of gene therapy. Personalized gene therapy strategies are also very important. Developing personalized gene therapy strategies based on an individual genotypes and phenotypes can help improve treatment effectiveness and safety, and provide better healthcare for patients. However, despite these advances, gene therapy still faces challenges in the field of cardiovascular disease. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the delivery system to enhance the efficiency and stability of gene delivery. On the other hand, the safety of gene therapy needs to be validated, including in-depth research and validation of gene editing techniques that may cause mutations or other adverse effects. In addition, the long-term effectiveness and persistence of gene therapy also require more systematic and long-term research to verify its feasibility and reliability in cardiovascular disease. Despite these challenges, gene therapy still has enormous potential in the field of cardiovascular disease. With the continuous advancement of technology and the advancement of clinical trials, gene therapy is expected to provide more precise, effective, and personalized treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease patients. Further research and exploration will promote the widespread application of gene therapy in the field of cardiovascular disease, bringing greater improvements to the quality of life and health status of patients. Acknowledgments Thank you to Ms. Fang Keyan for her guidance and review of the paper. Their many constructive suggestions have enabled the research to be improved. The accompanying images in the paper are sourced from the internet. I respect and uphold the rights of each image owner. If there is any infringement of the images, please feel free to contact me at any time. References Cring M.R., and Sheffield V.C., 2022, Gene therapy and gene correction: targets, progress, and challenges for treating human diseases, Gene Ther., 29: 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-00197-8 PMid:33037407 Deng J., Guo M., and Li G., 2020, Junjie Xiao Gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases in China: basic research, Gene Ther., 27: 360-369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-0148-6 PMid:32341485
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