International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 29-41 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 30 in studying dynamic changes in the immune system, explores key biological findings revealed by these techniques, and discusses strategies to overcome current challenges, as well as the potential impact of these techniques on future immunology research and clinical applications. 1 Overview of Monocytomic Techniques 1.1 Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) With the continuous progress of science and technology, people's understanding of life science is gradually deepening. Among them, single-cell RNA sequencing technology, with its unique advantages, has revealed the mystery of the inner world of cells for everyone. This technology enables precise sequencing of RNA molecules in individual cells to map the cell's gene expression patterns, providing a deeper understanding of the complexity and diversity of cells (Figure 1). Islam et al. (2013) proposed that the core of single-cell RNA sequencing technology lies in its high sensitivity and high resolution. Traditional RNA sequencing methods typically process large numbers of cells in batches, making it difficult to capture small differences between cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing, on the other hand, is able to analyze individual cells and see the gene expression of each cell in detail. This allows researchers to more accurately identify different cell subpopulations and further understand inter-cell heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology will play an increasingly important role in the field of life sciences and make greater contributions to human health and development. Kashima et al. (2020) believe that single-cell RNA sequencing technology is expected to play a greater role in disease diagnosis, treatment and new drug research and development. By analyzing individual cells in a patient's body, doctors can develop more precise treatment plans and improve the cure rate of the disease. At the same time, the technology also helps to discover new drug targets and develop more effective drugs, making greater contributions to human health. As an important breakthrough in the field of life science, single-cell RNA sequencing technology has revealed the mystery of the inner world of cells, and has also enabled researchers to have a deeper understanding of the complexity and diversity of cells, injecting new vitality into the field of life science research. With the continuous development and improvement of the technology, single-cell RNA sequencing technology will play a more important role in the future and make greater contributions to human health and development. Figure 1 The scRNA-seq workflow
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