International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 8-15 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 12 . Figure 2 Retinitis Pigmentosa 3.2 Application in cancer treatment CRISPR-Cas9 technology holds potential breakthrough applications in cancer treatment. Among them, It can be used to suppress the growth and division of cancer cells through gene editing, disrupting the survival and proliferation capabilities of malignant tumor cells by precisely editing cancer-related genes. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 can enhance immunotherapy by editing and modifying patients' immune cells to improve their anti-tumor effects, including knocking out immune checkpoint genes and enhancing CAR-T cell therapies. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 can be employed to restore or correct inactivated or mutated tumor suppressor genes, impeding the development and proliferation of tumors. While the application in cancer treatment still faces challenges, CRISPR-Cas9 technology is poised to become a more effective and personalized therapeutic strategy, offering improved treatment outcomes and survival opportunities for cancer patients. However, further research and clinical trials are still needed to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment. 3.3 Potential applications in organ transplantation and regenerative medicine CRISPR-Cas9 technology demonstrates significant potential applications in the fields of organ transplantation and regenerative medicine (Yu et al., 2021). It can reduce the risk of rejection during organ transplantation and enhance the success rate by gene editing. The technology can precisely edit specific genes in donor and recipient cells, such as HLA genes, thereby increasing the compatibility of transplanted organs. CRISPR-Cas9 plays a crucial role in promoting organ regeneration and repair. By editing and activating specific genes in stem cells, it can accelerate and improve their ability to differentiate into specific cell types, thus facilitating the process of organ regeneration and repair. Moreover, this technology can be applied to organ engineering and in vitro organ cultivation, producing customized organ substitutes that meet the specific needs of individual patients by editing and modifying donor cells or regenerated stem cells. Despite facing technical and ethical challenges in this field, CRISPR-Cas9 holds tremendous potential. This technology is poised to offer new solutions to alleviate organ shortage issues and provide better treatment options for patients. Future research and clinical experiments will further propel the practical application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the fields of organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, assessing its safety and feasibility. 4 Potential Applications and Challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 4.1 Accuracy issues The accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene editing is a crucial topic of discussion. Despite its widespread application and remarkable achievements, there are challenges related to its accuracy. The specificity of the
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