International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 259-270 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 266 (Richter et al., 2022). Adopting a unified report format and keeping clear records can make the handover of patients among the emergency department, inpatient department and other hospitals smoother. Effective communication of biomarker results can also help patients and their families participate in treatment decisions. Combining objective molecular testing data with clinical assessment can more clearly explain to them the prognosis, treatment plan, and why further observation or transfer is necessary (Humaloja et al, 2022). In multicenter studies, a unified record specification and shared data platform can make information transmission more consistent, reduce errors in transmission, and ensure the continuity of nursing among different departments and institutions (Bazarian et al., 2025). 6.3 Incorporate biomarkers into quality management Incorporating biomarker monitoring into the quality management system of the emergency department can help improve treatment outcomes and process efficiency. Establishing unified norms around detection, interpretation and recording can make operations more consistent and facilitate regular inspections and feedback (Bazarian et al., 2025). Quality improvement projects usually regularly assess the frequency of biomarker use, diagnostic accuracy and related therapeutic effects, and make targeted improvements after identifying weak links (Torrecilla et al., 2025). For instance, after the use of GFAP and UCH-L1 detection, some CT examinations can be reduced, the stay time of patients in the emergency department can be shortened, and the cost can be lowered. This also reflects the value of incorporating biomarkers into performance and resource management indicators (Chicone et al., 2025). Without unified data collection and public reporting methods, it is impossible to continuously improve the quality. Multidisciplinary quality management teams can use biomarker data to develop job evaluation criteria, supervise the implementation of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment guidelines, and promote the assessment and research of new markers and new technologies. Unified testing methods, clear reference scope, and participation in external quality assessment - these measures jointly ensure the credibility and consistency of the testing results (Bazarian et al., 2025). After incorporating biomarker monitoring into the overall quality management system of the emergency department, medical institutions can maintain a high level of care and better adapt to the rapid development of molecular diagnostic technology. 7 Biomarkers and the Current Status of Nursing 7.1 Research on biomarkers and prognosis abroad Research on biomarkers of brain injury after cardiac arrest has made rapid progress internationally. Multiple large-scale, multicenter studies have confirmed the prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), filament light chain (NfL), tau, and ubiquitin carboxylase L1 (UK-L1), etc. (Hoiland et al., 2022; Moseby-Knappe et al., 2022; Humaloja et al., 2022). The detection of these markers at different time points after resuscitation demonstrated extremely high accuracy in predicting neurological prognosis. Among them, the AUC of NfL measured 48 hours after ROSC for predicting adverse neurological outcomes exceeded 0.9 (Hoiland et al., 2022). The research also pointed out that the combination of multiple biomarkers can improve the prediction accuracy, especially in patients with uncertain clinical outcomes (Moseby-Knappe et al., 2021; Humaloja et al., 2022). Research abroad has extended to the field of pediatric cardiac arrest. Early blood biomarkers such as GFAP, UCH-L1, NfL and tau are all associated with the long-term recovery of children patients, indicating that they can be used for risk assessment in pediatric patients (Fink et al., 2022). Meanwhile, relevant trials have been initiated internationally, and efforts have been made to formulate unified detection methods and judgment criteria to make clinical applications more standardized and improve the accuracy and consistency of neural recovery assessment in various countries (Mosebyknappe et al., 2022; Humaloja et al., 2022). 7.2 Domestic monitoring and nursing research Research on molecular monitoring of brain injury after cardiac arrest in China is just getting started. Scholars began to combine local clinical practice and strive to find new biomarkers and explore appropriate nursing plans (Yao et al., 2025). Some studies have discovered new markers such as calcitonin 2 in animal and human samples
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