International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 228-238 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 235 Internationally, more detailed data on the efficacy and safety of vaccines are still needed, especially subgroup data by age, the number of chronic diseases and medication use (Afshar et al., 2021; Soiza et al., 2020). 7.3 Future research priorities Whether it is clinical trials or research in real-world Settings, future work should focus on elderly people with multiple chronic diseases and those living in elderly care institutions. It is necessary to conduct long-term follow-up observations to understand how long the immune effect brought by vaccines can last, determine whether booster shots are needed, and confirm the long-term safety of various vaccines for such elderly people (Li et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2023). The protective effects of vaccines of different technical routes in the elderly population, especially in the elderly with hypertension or poor renal function, need to be further compared and analyzed (Rothschild et al., 2021). In response to the practical difficulties encountered by elderly patients with chronic diseases during vaccination, we should promote health promotion work, enhance the convenience of vaccination, and formulate service measures suitable for the elderly. Accurately record and report adverse events, and conduct classified analysis based on patients' underlying diseases and medication conditions to help optimize vaccination recommendations and provide more effective protection for high-risk elderly people (Liu et al., 2023; Khanna et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2024). 8 Prospects and Recommendations Continuous learning and professional training can enhance the professional skills of caregivers involved in the vaccination of the elderly against COVID-19. In medical institutions, face-to-face training courses have been proven to significantly enhance nurses' knowledge acquisition, operational skills, and confidence in communicating vaccine-related issues. This helps to promote vaccination efforts and increase the trust of the elderly. However, some units that most need such training may lack the motivation to actively seek it. Therefore, it is necessary to proactively contact these institutions, promote continuous learning and ability improvement among nursing staff, ensure that each nursing staff member can effectively answer residents' questions about vaccines, and provide high-quality nursing services. The management of vaccination for the elderly should be based on their actual health conditions to formulate corresponding vaccination plans, especially for those with chronic diseases such as hypertension and kidney disease. The specific tasks include regularly checking their vaccination records, organizing targeted publicity and vaccination activities, and ensuring that they receive booster shots on time. Only in this way can a high level of immune coverage and protective effect be maintained continuously. Combining electronic health records with personal risk assessment can help identify weak links in the vaccination process, optimize the vaccine supply method, and thereby reduce the chance of this high-risk group contracting preventable diseases. To carry out the COVID-19 vaccination work smoothly among the elderly, close cross-professional cooperation is needed among caregivers, doctors, public health experts and researchers. All parties should, based on scientific evidence, jointly formulate and implement relevant strategies to address various issues encountered during vaccination, and at the same time study the protective effects and safety of vaccines for different elderly groups. Long-term cooperation helps promote a good vaccination experience, improve service quality, and ensure that the vaccination program can adapt to the changing needs of the elderly with more complex health conditions. Acknowledgments The author extends sincere thanks to Dr. Cai for his feedback on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Aboud F., Hussein R., and Hassan R., 2022, Safety and reported adverse effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseases, The Egyptian Rheumatologist, 45: 133-137.
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