International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 228-238 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 233 5.2 Key nursing measures during vaccination During the vaccination process, nursing staff should administer injections and vaccinations in a standardized manner and strictly follow the infection control regulations. Specifically, it is necessary to verify the identity of the vaccinated person, confirm the accuracy of the type and dosage of the vaccine, and carry out aseptic operation to avoid infection. Especially for the elderly with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies, close observation of sudden conditions such as allergies is necessary (Afshar et al., 2021). Vaccination sites should be equipped with complete first aid equipment and medicines for emergency handling at any time. Nurses also need to provide psychological comfort and necessary assistance to the elderly. Many elderly people tend to get nervous when getting injections. Creating a relaxed vaccination environment, gradually explaining the operation content and encouraging them to raise questions can all help ease their unease and improve the vaccination experience. Nurses should also be responsible for recording vaccination information, reporting adverse reactions, and informing about subsequent observation and booster shots (Burden et al., 2021; Marsh et al., 2021). 5.3 Post-vaccination observation and follow-up After vaccination, the elderly should stay at the vaccination site for 15 to 30 minutes for observation to prevent sudden conditions such as fainting or allergic reactions. Nursing staff need to pay attention to the local and systemic reaction manifestations of the vaccinated individuals, guide the vaccinated population to deal with common mild symptoms, and inform when medical help should be sought (Afshare et al., 2021). This observation stage is particularly crucial for elderly people who have had severe allergies or suffer from multiple chronic diseases. Subsequent care includes continuing to monitor for delayed adverse events and ensuring that patients complete the entire vaccination process. Nurses should keep in touch with patients and caregivers, remind them that they need to receive subsequent injections, and offer assistance when dealing with post-vaccination issues. Even after vaccination, explaining to patients the importance of continuing to take infection prevention measures is a key part of post-vaccination care (Burden et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2023). 6 Nursing Response and Health Education after COVID-19 Vaccination 6.1 Personalized nursing intervention During the process of COVID-19 vaccination, personalized care approaches are very important for elderly patients, especially those with hypertension or chronic kidney disease, as this can address their specific health conditions and risks. Nurses need to assess each patient's chronic diseases, medication usage and psychological state, formulate a care plan, minimize health problems as much as possible, and make the vaccine more effective. For instance, studies have shown that meticulous care measures in hemodialysis centers can reduce anxiety and depression among elderly patients during the pandemic, improve their quality of life, and also decrease health problems (Afshar et al., 2021). The relevant care measures include paying close attention to any adverse reactions, promptly responding to any discomfort of the elderly, and collaborating with medical staff from different specialties to handle complex health issues. By providing care based on the needs of the elderly, nurses can ensure that the elderly receive appropriate assistance before, during and after vaccination, thereby improving the safety of vaccination and making the elderly more comfortable and satisfied (Zhang et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2025). 6.2 Health education and psychological care Health education is an important part of providing good care for elderly patients after vaccination. Nurses need to clearly explain to the elderly the prevention methods of COVID-19, the benefits of vaccines, possible adverse reactions, and the necessity of completing the full vaccination. At the same time, it is also necessary to answer their common questions and misunderstandings, help the elderly make informed choices, and follow public health guidance (Zhang et al., 2021; Zeydi et al., 2021).
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