International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 110-119 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 116 expenditure (OpEx) required for establishing 5G coverage in these regions are substantial, often deterring network operators from investing in these areas. Additionally, the scarcity of electricity from the grid further complicates the deployment process. Innovative solutions, such as using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to mount remote radio heads and employing solar panels and batteries for power, have been proposed to address these challenges. Preliminary results from case studies in Italy, Cook Islands, and Zimbabwe indicate that such approaches can make 5G connectivity feasible in rural and low-income areas, although the implementation remains complex and costly (Chiaraviglio et al., 2017; Mendes et al., 2020). Figure 3 Practical case of HoloLens augmented reality application in emergency medical care supported by 5G network (Adopted from García et al., 2023) Image caption: The figure reflects what the emergency unit clinician is seen through Health-5G_Holo; In the lower-right corner, a capture of an external camera is included (Adopted from García et al., 2023) 6.2 Compatibility of technology and devices The integration of various remote medical devices with the 5G platform presents compatibility issues. The diverse range of devices used in smart healthcare applications generates data in different sizes and formats, placing complex demands on the network in terms of bandwidth, data rate, and latency. Existing communication technologies, such as 4G, are unable to meet these dynamic and high-performance requirements. The emerging 5G network, with its capabilities of ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and high reliability, is expected to support these needs. However, the transition to 5G requires significant upgrades and standardization efforts to ensure compatibility across different devices and systems (Ahad et al., 2019; Ahad et al., 2020; Peralta-Ochoa et al., 2023). 6.3 User acceptance and compliance User acceptance and adaptability to remote care services in rural areas remain lower compared to urban regions. Factors contributing to this include a lack of awareness, limited digital literacy, and resistance to change among residents. The success of 5G-supported remote care services depends not only on technological advancements but also on the willingness of users to adopt and comply with these new systems. Efforts to increase user acceptance must focus on education, training, and demonstrating the tangible benefits of remote care services to the community (Qureshi et al., 2022; Cabanillas-Carbonell et al., 2023). 6.4 Data security and privacy protection The transmission of large amounts of health data over a 5G network raises significant privacy and security concerns. Ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive health information is paramount. The development of robust security protocols and service level agreements (SLAs) is essential to address these challenges. SLAs must clearly define the communication requirements, performance standards, and roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders involved in providing 5G-enabled healthcare. Addressing these security and privacy issues is critical to gaining the trust of users and ensuring the safe and effective implementation of 5G remote care services (Ahad et al., 2019; Qureshi et al., 2022; Peralta-Ochoa et al., 2023).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==