International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 79-89 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 83 g/kg combined with antioxidant nutrient supplementation can reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers by 38% (Kumlien and Axelsson, 2002). The dynamic nutrition monitoring system updates the dietary plan every 72 hours. A three-level food texture improvement plan (puree/paste/thick liquid) is designed for patients with dysphagia to ensure that the energy target attainment rate is increased to 92% (Perry and McLaren, 2003). 4.2 Dietary regulation to prevent secondary risks Implementing the DASH diet pattern (rich in whole grains, dark vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids) can reduce the risk of stroke recurrence by 28% (Iacoviello et al., 2018). The key regulatory strategies include: limiting sodium salt intake to less than 3 g/d, the proportion of saturated fatty acids to less than 7%, and increasing dietary fiber to 25 g/d. Evidence-based data show that after the implementation of this program for 6 months, the average systolic blood pressure of patients decreased by 14mmHg, and the level of low-density lipoprotein improved by 19% (Iacoviello et al., 2018). Precise intervention for patients with special needs: For diabetic stroke patients, adopting a low-GI dietary plan (GI value <55) can reduce the fluctuation range of blood glucose by 43%; The incidence of aspiration in patients with dysphaswallowing disorders decreased from 31% to 9% when food thickeners (IDDSI standard grade 4) were used (Westergren, 2006). The nursing team needs to collaborate with nutritionists to establish a “monitoring-feedback-adjustment” cycle mechanism and achieve dynamic intake control through a 24-hour dietary record APP (Perry et al., 2013). 4.3 Feeding assistance techniques and nutritional support Establish a standardized eating care process: Before meals, perform a 30° slope position adjustment, adopt the chin-tuck swallowing method, and control the amount of food per mouthful at 5 mL. Studies have confirmed that this method can increase swallowing efficiency by 65% and shorten meal time by 28% (Perry et al., 2013). For patients with severe dysphagia, nasointestinal feeding was initiated within 72 hours, and the energy attainment rate increased from 58% to 89% (Wang et al., 2019). The enteral nutrition support program should follow the stepwise principle: initially adopt the short peptide type formula (osmotic pressure 300mOsm/L), and gradually transition to the whole protein type. The key points of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) nursing include: daily disinfection of the stoma, examination of pipeline patency and control of perfusion rate (30 mL/min). Data tracking shows that standardized care can reduce the incidence of catheter-related complications by 76% (Wang et al., 2019). Family nutrition support training was carried out simultaneously, enabling the qualified rate of self-care for feeding tubes among discharged patients to reach 94% (Theofanidis and Gibbon, 2016). 5 Long-term Care and Recurrence Prevention 5.1 Importance of monitoring blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids In the long-term health management of stroke patients, regular checks of blood pressure, blood sugar and fat indicators are very crucial, which can effectively prevent the recurrence of the disease. Studies have confirmed that the management program led by nursing staff has significantly improved the management effect of these health indicators. For example, compared with the ordinary nursing model, the regular telephone follow-up service conducted by nurses led to a significant decrease in the blood pressure values and harmful cholesterol levels of patients (Irewall et al., 2015). Furthermore, the nursing program combining multiple means also shows good effects in regulating blood pressure and cholesterol, which is of great significance for preventing secondary strokes (Regu, 2019; Regu, 2020) Continuous tracking of these indicators can help the medical team identify and handle problems in a timely manner, thereby reducing the possibility of disease recurrence. A summary analysis of studies indicates that health management led by nurses can effectively help stroke survivors control their blood pressure levels, improve their exercise habits and enhance the regularity of medication use (Parappilly et al., 2018). These pieces of evidence indicate that systematic management of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid indicators is of great value in the long-term care of stroke patients.
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