International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 24-33 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 29 Figure 3 Effect of β-caryophyllene on G1 cell cycle arrest and cell cycle-related proteins in human lung cancer (Adopted from Chung et al., 2019) Image caption: (a) Cells were treated with β-caryophyllene (A549, 40 μg/mL; NCI-H358, 60 μg/mL) for the indicated times; (b) or with the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cells were stained with PI for 30 min and then subjected to flow cytometry analysis to determine cell cycle progression. (c and d) A549 and NCI-H358 cells were treated with β-caryophyllene (A549, 40 μg/mL; NCI-H358, 60 μg/mL) for the indicated times and concentrations, and cells were collected for western blot analysis to measure cyclin/CDK protein expression. (e) Cells were treated with β-caryophyllene (A549, 40 μg/mL; NCI-H358, 60 μg/mL) for the indicated times, and then subjected to western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of p-RB, RB, p21CIP1/WAP1, and p27KIP1 (Adopted from Chung et al., 2019) 6.2 Therapeutic effects in skin diseases The essential oil from Hangbai Chrysanthemum has been explored for its therapeutic effects in treating skin diseases, particularly acne and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of the oil, attributed to its active
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