International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 327-338 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 333 underscore the importance of further clinical studies to establish the long-term safety and efficacy profiles of Eucommia ulmoides extracts in human populations. Fu et al. (2019) evaluated the effects of EULE on improving erectile function in diabetic rats. The results showed that diabetes significantly impaired erectile function, while treatment with EULE partially restored the ICP/MAP ratio and the increase in ICP, with particularly notable effects observed at 0.5% and 1% concentrations. The study suggests that EULE may help alleviate diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction by improving cavernous function (Figure 3). Figure 3 Effects of EULE on erectile function in diabetic rats (Adapted from Fu et al., 2019) Image caption: Panels (a-f) display the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) following cavernous nerve (CN) electrical stimulation in the control group, diabetic (DM) group, sildenafil group, and groups treated with different concentrations of EULE (0.5%, 1%, 2%). Panels (g-h) show the ICP/MAP ratio and the increase in ICP values for each experimental group after electrical stimulation (Adapted from Fu et al., 2019) 7 Synergistic Effects with Other Antidiabetic Agents 7.1 Combination with conventional antidiabetic drugs Eucommia ulmoides (EU) has shown promising potential when used in combination with conventional antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemicals present in EU, such as flavonoids and iridoids, have been reported to enhance the efficacy of standard antidiabetic medications. For instance, the bioactive compounds in EU can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels, which may complement the action of conventional drugs like metformin and sulfonylureas (He et al., 2014; Do et al., 2018). Additionally, the antioxidant properties of EU can mitigate oxidative stress, a common complication in diabetes, thereby potentially enhancing the overall therapeutic outcome when used alongside traditional antidiabetic agents (Ding et al., 2020).
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