International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 312-326 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr extraction, aqueous enzymatic extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, have been studied to determine their effects on the oil's physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant abilities. The oil is particularly rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and nervonic acid, which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Among the extraction methods, hexane extraction yielded the highest oil content and antioxidant stability, making it a promising method for industrial production 323 . Xanthoceras sorbifolia is not only valuable for its oil but also for its pharmacological properties. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which exhibit neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. These compounds have shown potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and in providing general health benefits. Additionally, the nutshell, often considered a waste product, is rich in phenolic compounds that have significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, further enhancing the plant's value. Future research on Xanthoceras sorbifolia should focus on several key areas to fully harness its potential. Firstly, more in-depth studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of its bioactive compounds. Understanding how these compounds interact at the molecular level will provide insights into their therapeutic potential and pave the way for the development of new drugs. Additionally, there is a need for comprehensive toxicological studies to ensure the safety of these compounds for human consumption. Clinical trials should be conducted to validate the efficacy and safety of Xanthoceras sorbifolia extracts in treating various health conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, optimizing extraction methods to maximize yield and preserve the bioactive components is crucial. While hexane extraction has shown promise, exploring environmentally friendly and sustainable extraction techniques could further enhance the oil's quality and reduce production costs. Research should also investigate the potential of using the nutshell and other by-products, which are rich in phenolic compounds, as natural antioxidants and immunomodulators in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Interdisciplinary research involving pharmacologists, chemists, and agronomists will be essential to develop comprehensive utilization strategies for Xanthoceras sorbifolia. This includes exploring its applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. By addressing these research gaps, we can unlock the full potential of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, contributing to better health outcomes and sustainable industrial practices. Acknowledgments Authors thank to the anonymous peer reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Chen X., Lei Z., Cao J., Zhang W., Wu R., Cao F., Guo Q., and Wang J., 2021, Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and current uses of underutilized Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge: A review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 114747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114747 PMid:34111692 PMCid:PMC8208476 Gu L., Zhang G., Du L., Du J., Qi K., Zhu X., Zhang X., and Jiang Z., 2019, Comparative study on the extraction of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge (yellow horn) seed oil using subcritical n-butane, supercritical CO2, and the Soxhlet method, LWT, 111: 548-554 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2019.05.078 PMid:31320456 PMCid:PMC6938121 Guo H., Wang T., Li Q., Zhao N., Zhang Y., Liu D., Hu Q., and Li F., 2013, Two novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes fromXanthoceras sorbifolia are responsible for its seed oil content, Gene, 527(1): 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.076 PMid:23747948 PMCid:PMC3746712 Guo H., Li Q., Wang T., Hu Q., Deng W., Xia X., and Gao H.J., 2014, XsFAD2 gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the high linoleic acid content in oil accumulated in Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(3): 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6273
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