International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 312-326 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr present in the oil (Zhao et al., 2018; Gu et al., 2019). These compounds are known to neutralize free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. 7.2 Long-term health effects of consuming Xanthoceras Sorbifolia oil The long-term health effects of consuming Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil are promising, given its rich composition of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds. The oil's high content of oleic acid (30.73~30.98%) and nervonic acid (2.73~3.09%) suggests potential benefits for cardiovascular health and neural function (Zheng et al., 2022). Oleic acid is known to lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL) while maintaining or increasing good cholesterol levels (HDL), which can reduce the risk of heart disease (Gu et al., 2019; Zheng et al., 2022). Moreover, the presence of nervonic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is particularly noteworthy for its role in the biosynthesis of nerve cell myelin. This could imply potential benefits for cognitive health and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases (Zheng et al., 2022). Additionally, the oil's antioxidant properties, as demonstrated by its DPPH scavenging activity, further support its role in protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying factors in many chronic diseases (Zhang et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2018). 7.3 Safety assessment and regulations The safety assessment of Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil includes an analysis of its chemical composition, potential contaminants, and adverse effects observed in toxicological studies. Research has shown that the oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols, all of which contribute to its nutritional and health benefits (Zhang et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2018; Gu et al., 2019). However, it is crucial to ensure that Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil is free from harmful contaminants during production and processing, including heavy metals, pesticide residues, and mycotoxins. The presence of these contaminants can pose serious health risks to consumers, and prolonged exposure to these harmful substances may lead to various health issues, including neurological damage, liver disease, and an increased risk of cancer. Regulatory frameworks for the safety assessment of edible oils typically involve guidelines set by food safety authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). These guidelines include permissible limits for contaminants, labeling requirements, and standards for nutritional content. Given the increasing interest in Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil, it is essential to establish specific regulations to ensure its safety for consumers. While the current data on Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil indicates its potential health benefits and antioxidant properties, comprehensive toxicological studies and stringent safety assessments are necessary to fully establish its safety profile. Regulatory bodies must develop specific guidelines to ensure that the oil meets safety standards and is free from harmful contaminants, thereby safeguarding public health. 8 Industrialization and Development Prospects of Xanthoceras sorbifoliaOil 8.1 Current status of industrialization The industrialization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil, commonly known as yellow horn oil, is currently in a promising yet nascent stage. The extraction of oil from yellow horn seeds has been optimized using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO₂) extraction methods, achieving a maximal extraction yield of 61.28% under optimal conditions (Zhang et al., 2010). This high yield, coupled with the oil's rich content of unsaturated fatty acids (approximately 90%), positions it as a high-quality bioactive oil suitable for various applications, including food, health, and medical products (Yahui, 2008; Ruan et al., 2017). Field experiments conducted over a decade have demonstrated that yellow horn is well-suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of China, such as Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. These regions have seen successful yields, with selected pure lines averaging 1 944.89 kg/ha of seeds, which contain 25~34% oil content (Ruan et al., 2017). The adaptability of yellow horn to harsh environmental conditions and its high oil yield make it a viable candidate for large-scale agricultural production and ecological restoration projects 321 .
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