International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 312-326 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 317 The antioxidative action of X. sorbifolia oil is also linked to its high tocopherol content, which acts as a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant. Tocopherols protect cell membranes from oxidative damage by donating hydrogen atoms to lipid radicals, thereby terminating the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the oil's sterol content, although negatively correlated with antioxidant capacity, provides additional health benefits by stabilizing cell membranes and modulating immune responses (Zheng et al., 2022). 4.2 Invitro antioxidant experiments Several in vitro studies have demonstrated the robust antioxidant activity of X. sorbifolia oil. For instance, the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, a common method to evaluate antioxidant capacity, showed that the oil extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity among different extraction methods (Figure 2) (Zheng et al., 2022). This indicates that the oil has a strong ability to donate hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals. Figure 2 The DPPH radical-scavenging ability assay of X. sorbifoliaoil (Adopted from Zheng et al., 2022) Image caption: Means with different letters in the same column are significantly different (Adopted from Zheng et al., 2022) Another study assessed the antioxidant activity of X. sorbifolia seed oil using both the DPPH radical-scavenging assay and the beta-carotene bleaching test. The results revealed that the oil possessed notable concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 0.151 and 0.195 g/mL, respectively (Zhang et al., 2010). These findings underscore the oil's potential as a natural antioxidant in various applications. In addition, the antioxidant potential of Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell extract (a byproduct of oil production) was evaluated through four in vitro experiments. The shell extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, attributed to its abundant phenolic acid compounds (Zhao et al., 2018). This suggests that both Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil and its byproducts hold high value as natural antioxidants, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of raw materials for the food industry, cosmetics industry, and potential pharmaceutical applications. 4.3 Comparison of antioxidant properties with other vegetable oils Compared to other plant oils, Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil stands out due to its unique composition and excellent antioxidant properties. For instance, the unsaturated fatty acid content of Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil, which reaches about 90%, is comparable to other antioxidant-rich oils such as olive oil and sunflower oil (Zhang et al., 2010). Notably, the presence of a unique monounsaturated fatty acid-nervonic acid-gives Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil a special advantage in neuroprotection (Zheng et al., 2022). In terms of tocopherol content, X. sorbifolia oil surpasses many common vegetable oils. The hexane extraction method yielded an oil with a tocopherol content of 530.15 mg/kg, which is significantly higher than that found in oils like soybean and corn oil (Zheng et al., 2022). This high tocopherol content enhances the oil's oxidative stability and extends its shelf life, making it a valuable ingredient in food and cosmetic industries. Furthermore, the phenolic content of X. sorbifolia oil, particularly the presence of catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, and dihydromyricetin, contributes to its strong antioxidant activity. These phenolic compounds are known for their ability to scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress, similar to those found in green tea and
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