International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 312-326 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for converting oleic acid to linoleic acid during fatty acid synthesis. This gene is highly expressed in the seeds, correlating with the accumulation of linoleic acid (Guo et al., 2014) 314 . Table 2 The fatty acid composition (%) of X sorbifoliaoil (Adopted from Zheng et al., 2022) - HE CP AEE SFE C16:0 5.40±0.0618 a 5.23±0.087b 4.60±0.0619 c 5.31±0.064 ab C18:0 2.22±0.0319 c 2.26±0.070b 2.12±0.031 d 2.32±0.061 a C18:1(n-0) 31.48±0.055 ab 3136±0.065 bc 31.28±0.090 c 31.53±0.046 a C18:2(n-) 40.55±0.036 b 40.58±0.060b 40.86±0.101a 40.59±0.089 b C18.3(n-3 0.50±0.017a 0.46±0.058 b 0.40±0.026 b 0.40±0.026 b C20:0 0.44±0.010a 0.38±0.025 b 028±0.029 d 0.32±0.029 c C20:1 6.88±0.061b 6.89±0.040b 7.13±0.078 a 6.84±0.067 c C202 0.38±0.021 b 0.43±0.030 a 0.43±0.030 a 0.37±0.023 c C22:0 0.54±0.0159 c 0.58±0.021 ab 059±0.010 a 0.57±0.023 b C22:1 8.22±0.0260 d 8.47±0.032 b 8.88±0.0818 a 8.44±0.078 b C24:0 0.31±0.006 b 0.34±0.052 a 034±0.052 a 0.31±0.006 b C24. 2.73±0.0250 c 3.02±0.075 b 309±0.047 a 3.03±0.085 b SFA 8.91±0.07 a 8.77±0.07 b 7.93±0.070 c 8.83±0.05 ab MUFA 49.31±0.05 c 49.75±0.11 b 50.38±0.17 a 49.81±0.04 b PUFA 41.78±0.03a 41.48±0.04 b 41.69±0.11 a 41.37±0.08 b Table caption: Different letters in the same row indicate significant statistical diferences. The same etters indicate no significant difference (Tukey's test, p<0.05); SFA (C1a:o+C18:0+C₂0:0+C₂20+C₂4:0), MUFA (C18:1+C₂0:1+C₂2:1+C₂4:1), PUFA (C182n-o)+C18:3(n-3)+C₂0:2) (Adopted from Zheng et al., 2022) 2.2 Sterol compounds Sterols are another important class of compounds found in X. sorbifolia oil. The oil extracted using the hexane extraction method has been reported to contain the highest sterol content, reaching up to 2 104.07 mg/kg (Zheng et al., 2022). Sterols play a crucial role in maintaining cell membrane integrity and have been associated with various health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering effects (Table 3). Table 3 Types and Relative Content of Phytosterols inXanthoceras sorbifoliaOil (%) (Adapted from Zhao et al., 2015) Phytosterol /% α-Spinasterol 43.0 Δ7-Stigmasterol 34.5 Δ7-Avenasterol 12.0 Δ5,22-Stigmasterol 4.0 Brassicasterol Trace Cholesterol Trace β-Sitosterol Trace Campesterol Trace Stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol Trace Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one Trace 33-Norlanosterol-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol Trace 2.3 Polyphenolic compounds Polyphenolic compounds, as effective antioxidants, are key to the bioactivity ofXanthoceras sorbifoliaoil due to their abundant content. The nutshell of X. sorbifolia, often considered a waste product, contains a significant amount of phenolic acids. In one study, 20 different phenolic compounds were identified in the nutshell extract, which exhibited substantial antioxidant potential inbothinvitroand in vivo studies (Zhao et al., 2018). These phenolic compounds contribute to the oil's ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thereby offering protective effects against various diseases (Table 4).
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