International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 290-298 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 296 systemic therapies, particularly immunotherapy, has led to improved survival outcomes and potential abscopal effects. Research continues to advance in the personalization of radiotherapy through the use of biomarkers and genomics to predict response and tailor treatments to individual patients. The adoption of advanced radiotherapy techniques has clear implications for improving patient outcomes, particularly in terms of reducing side effects and improving survival rates. The use of real-time adaptive radiotherapy, combined with advanced imaging and motion tracking, has enabled precise targeting of tumors while sparing healthy tissues. These technological advancements, along with the integration of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, offer enhanced local control and potential systemic anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the personalized approach to radiotherapy based on genetic and molecular profiling could significantly improve patient selection and tailor treatment regimens to optimize efficacy. Future research should focus on further understanding the mechanisms of action behind novel radiotherapy techniques such as FLASH radiotherapy and its clinical applications. Additionally, clinical trials should explore the integration of advanced radiotherapy with novel systemic agents, particularly immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Ongoing research is also needed to refine patient selection criteria through biomarkers and genomics to ensure that radiotherapy is tailored to individual patient profiles. Finally, increasing access to these advanced therapies, particularly in low-resource settings, should be a priority for future clinical practice. Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions on this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bae B.K., Yang K., Noh J., Pyo H., and Ahn Y., 2022, Clinical outcomes following proton and photon stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage lung cancer, Cancers, 14(17): 4152. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174152 PMID: 36077688 PMCID: PMC9454659 Baker S., and Fairchild A., 2016, Radiation-induced esophagitis in lung cancer, Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy, 7: 119-127. https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S96443 PMID: 28210168 PMCID: PMC5310706 Ball D., Mai G.T., Vinod S., Babington S., Ruben J., Kron T., Chesson B., Herschtal A., Vanevski M., Rezo A., Elder C., Skala M., Wirth A., Wheeler G., Lim A., Shaw M., Schofield P., Irving L., and Solomon B., 2019, Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy in stage 1 non-small-cell lung cancer (TROG 09.02 CHISEL): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial, The Lancet Oncology, 20: 494-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30896-9 Bhalla N., Brooker R., and Brada M., 2018, Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy in lung cancer, Journal of Thoracic Disease, 10(Suppl 13): 1447-1460. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.05.107 PMID: 29951296 PMCID: PMC5994496 Bourbonne V., Da-Ano R., Jaouen V., Lucia F., Dissaux G., Bert J., Pradier O., Visvikis D., and Hatt M., 2020, Radiomics analysis of 3D dose distributions to predict toxicity of radiotherapy for lung cancer, Radiotherapy and Oncology, 155: 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.040 Cassidy R.J., 2017, SBRT found safe, effective in elderly with inoperable early-stage NSCLC, Oncology Times, 39(8): 36. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000516149.89807.52 Chun S.G., Hu C., Choy H., Komaki R., Timmerman R.D., Schild S.E., and Bradley J.D., 2017, Impact of intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(1): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.69.1378 PMID: 28034064 PMCID: PMC5455690 Diwanji T., Mohindra P., Vyfhuis M., Snider J., Kalavagunta C., Mossahebi S., Yu J., Feigenberg S., and Badiyan S., 2017, Advances in radiotherapy techniques and delivery for non-small cell lung cancer: benefits of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, and stereotactic body radiation therapy, Translational Lung Cancer Research, 6(2): 131-147. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2017.04.04 PMID: 28529896 PMCID: PMC5420540
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