International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 262-275 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 269 Figure 2 BPC of Quanduzhong capsules (Adopted from Xu et al., 2023) Image caption: This is a chromatogram, typically used for analyzing the separation and detection of compounds in a sample. The horizontal axis represents time (in minutes), while the vertical axis represents signal intensity or the relative percentage intensity of the detected compounds. The chromatogram shows multiple peaks, with each peak corresponding to the detection time and relative concentration of different compounds in the sample. For example, there is a peak around the 2-minute mark with an intensity close to 100%, indicating a very high concentration of the compound detected at that time. Another significant peak appears near the 24-minute mark, which may represent another major component. There are also several smaller peaks at other time points, indicating the presence of other components in the sample. Overall, this chromatogram suggests that the sample contains multiple components, with different compounds being separated and detected at various times. Further analysis may require comparing the peaks with standard curves or using mass spectrometry data to identify the specific chemical substances corresponding to each peak (Adopted from Xu et al., 2023) 6.3 Safety and side effects in human studies The safety profile of Eucommia ulmoides has been well-documented in clinical trials. In the controlled clinical trial with 24 healthy adult subjects, no toxicity or adverse effects were reported, indicating that the Eucommia extract was well-tolerated (Greenway et al., 2011). Similarly, in the multicenter clinical trial involving Quanduzhong capsules, no significant differences in safety indicators were observed between the treatment and control groups. There were no reports of severe liver or renal function impairment, and adverse events and drug reactions were mild (Xu et al., 2023). Overall, the clinical studies suggest that Eucommia ulmoides is a safe and effective treatment for hypertension, with minimal side effects. The consistent findings across multiple trials reinforce the potential of this traditional herbal medicine as a viable option for managing high blood pressure in humans. 7 Case Studies 7.1 Case study: use of Eucommia ulmoides in hypertensive patients Eucommia ulmoides, commonly known as Du-Zhong, has been traditionally used in East Asia for its antihypertensive properties. Several studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive models. For instance, a study on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) showed that Eucommia ulmoides extract significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (BP) without causing acute toxicity (Lang et al., 2005). The extract was administered daily for 22 days, and a notable reduction in BP was observed starting from the eighth day of treatment. This study highlights the potential of Eucommia ulmoides as a safe and effective treatment for hypertension. Another study investigated the antihypertensive effects of Eucommia ulmoides bark extract in mice subjected to a high-salt diet and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to induce hypertension. The results indicated that the extract significantly reduced blood pressure and improved kidney injury after six weeks of
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