International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 144-156 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 144 Feature Review Open Access Classic Clinical Case Analysis: Long-term Management Strategies for Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease Jianli Zhong Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: zhongjianli@hibio.org International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ijccr.2024.14.0016 Received: 30 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 03 Jun., 2024 Published: 13 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhong, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhong J.L., 2024, Classic clinical case analysis: long-term management strategies for patients with hypertensive heart disease, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 14(3): 145-156 (doi: 10.5376/ijccr.2024.14.0016) Abstract Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. This study analyzes long-term management strategies for HHD through classic clinical case studies, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care. The research provides an extensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of HHD, with a particular focus on the role of hypertension in cardiovascular damage and the impact of comorbidities. Management strategies are discussed, including pharmacological interventions such as antihypertensive drugs and combination therapy, as well as non-pharmacological interventions like lifestyle modifications and regular monitoring. Challenges related to patient adherence, comorbidity management, and the need for individualized treatment approaches are explored. This study aims to offer valuable resources for clinicians and researchers seeking to improve the care and prognosis of patients with hypertensive heart disease. Keywords Hypertensive heart disease; Long-term management; Pharmacological interventions; Non-pharmacological interventions; Personalized medicine 1 Introduction Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) refers to the spectrum of heart disorders caused by prolonged high blood pressure. These disorders include left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. HHD is characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart due to persistent pressure overload (Angeli et al., 2018). The global prevalence of HHD is increasing, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. For instance, a study reported an age-standardized prevalence rate of 217.9 per 100,000 people in 2017, marking a 7.4% increase from 1990 (Dai et al., 2021). Effective long-term management of HHD is crucial for preventing disease progression and reducing cardiovascular events. This includes pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring. Pharmacological treatments such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are vital in controlling blood pressure and reducing cardiac workload (Slivnick and Lampert, 2019). Non-pharmacological interventions, including dietary changes and physical activity, play a significant role in managing HHD (Mills et al., 2020). Long-term management strategies not only improve patient outcomes but also alleviate the broader healthcare burden associated with cardiovascular diseases. Current management practices for HHD involve a combination of antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications. Despite the availability of these treatments, several challenges persist. Patient adherence to treatment plans is a major issue, often influenced by the complexity of medication regimens and side effects (Dorans et al., 2018). Additionally, managing comorbid conditions such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease complicates treatment strategies (Meelab et al., 2019). The need for personalized treatment approaches is increasingly recognized to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes (Nwabuo and Vasan, 2020). This study provides an in-depth analysis of classic clinical cases of hypertensive heart disease (HHD), focusing on long-term management strategies and their outcomes. By reviewing detailed case studies, the research identifies best practices, common challenges, and emerging therapies that can enhance HHD management. The study offers
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