International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 141-153 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 141 Research Report Open Access Classic Clinical Case Analysis: Long-term Management Strategies for Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease Jianli Zhong Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: zhongjianli@hibio.org International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ijccr.2024.14.0016 Received: 30 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 03 Jun., 2024 Published: 13 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhong, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhong J.L., 2024, Classic clinical case analysis: long-term management strategies for patients with hypertensive heart disease, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 14(3): 141-153 (doi: 10.5376/ijccr.2024.14.0016) Abstract This study provides an in-depth analysis of long-term management strategies for patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), focusing on classic clinical cases. Hypertensive heart disease is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, driven by prolonged high blood pressure, leading to structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. The study reviews the importance of early detection, comprehensive management, and the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are highlighted for their role in controlling blood pressure and reducing cardiovascular complications. Non-pharmacological approaches, including lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and patient adherence, are also crucial in managing HHD effectively. Challenges such as patient compliance, the management of comorbidities, and the need for personalized treatment strategies are explored. Emerging therapies and the potential of personalized medicine, especially through genetic and biomarker studies, are discussed as promising avenues for improving outcomes. The study aims to provide clinicians and researchers with valuable insights into improving patient care and the prognosis of those affected by hypertensive heart disease. Keywords Hypertensive heart disease; Long-term management; Pharmacological interventions; Non-pharmacological interventions; Personalized medicine 1 Introduction Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) refers to the spectrum of heart disorders caused by prolonged high blood pressure. These disorders include left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. HHD is characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart due to persistent pressure overload (Angeli et al., 2018). The global prevalence of HHD is increasing, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. For instance, a study reported an age-standardized prevalence rate of 217.9 per 100,000 people in 2017, marking a 7.4% increase from 1990 (Dai et al., 2021). Effective long-term management of HHD is crucial for preventing disease progression and reducing cardiovascular events. This includes pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring. Pharmacological treatments such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are vital in controlling blood pressure and reducing cardiac workload (Slivnick and Lampert, 2019). Non-pharmacological interventions, including dietary changes and physical activity, play a significant role in managing HHD (Mills et al., 2020). Long-term management strategies not only improve patient outcomes but also alleviate the broader healthcare burden associated with cardiovascular diseases. Current management practices for HHD involve a combination of antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications. Despite the availability of these treatments, several challenges persist. Patient adherence to treatment plans is a major issue, often influenced by the complexity of medication regimens and side effects (Dorans et al., 2018). Additionally, managing comorbid conditions such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease complicates treatment strategies (Meelab et al., 2019). The need for personalized treatment approaches is increasingly recognized to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes (Nwabuo and Vasan, 2020).
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