International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 79-86 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 85 Targeted therapy can effectively address the issue of drug resistance. By inhibiting disease cells through different mechanisms, including resistant subgroups of cells, it reduces the risk of resistance. Targeted therapy drugs focusing on specific genetic variations have significantly improved the survival rates of patients with certain types of cancer, outperforming traditional treatment methods in some cases. Targeted therapy has various mechanisms of action suitable for different types of cancer and diseases. This provides doctors with more treatment options, helping overcome treatment tolerance and resistance. Traditional treatment methods, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, often induce severe side effects on healthy normal cells. Targeted therapy is generally more selective, reducing the risk of these side effects. Targeted therapy is typically provided in the form of oral medications, eliminating the need for invasive surgery or prolonged hospitalization, thus improving the convenience and quality of life for patients. Although targeted therapy has numerous advantages, it also faces several challenges, including the development of drug resistance, high drug costs, and the possibility that certain patients may not benefit from it. Therefore, when devising treatment plans, doctors typically need to carefully consider the patient's circumstances, including the molecular characteristics of the disease and potential issues related to drug resistance, to determine the most suitable treatment approach. 4 Summary and Outlook Targeted therapy has achieved significant success in cancer treatment. By precisely intervening in the key molecular targets or pathways of cancer cells, targeted therapy provides a more effective and precise treatment approach. For cancers driven by specific genetic mutations, these therapeutic methods can significantly improve patients' survival rates and quality of life. This underscores the importance of molecular diagnostics and personalized treatment to ensure that each patient receives the most suitable treatment for their disease characteristics. The significance of targeted therapy lies in its revolutionary change to the paradigm of cancer treatment. Traditional cancer treatment methods, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while effective, often come with severe side effects, causing irreversible damage to healthy tissues. In contrast, targeted therapy can more accurately identify and intervene in the abnormal growth and differentiation mechanisms of cancer cells, reducing unnecessary side effects. This not only improves the quality of life for patients but also lowers the overall cost of treatment (Bai et al., 2022). Targeted therapy for specific genetic mutations in cancer highlights the potential of personalized medicine. The continuous advancement of modern medical technology allows doctors to have a more comprehensive understanding of the disease characteristics of each patient, including genetic variations and biomarkers. The core idea of personalized medicine is to consider patients as unique individuals, taking into account their genetic characteristics, lifestyle, environmental factors, and the molecular mechanisms of the disease. Through precise molecular diagnostics, doctors can better understand the cancer characteristics of each patient, enabling the selection of the most suitable treatment. This not only improves the effectiveness of treatment but also reduces unnecessary treatments and associated side effects. The successful application of targeted therapy has provided valuable insights into the field of cancer treatment. It underscores the critical nature of personalized treatment, encouraging the medical community to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms of diseases to identify new therapeutic targets. Additionally, targeted therapy emphasizes the necessity for collaboration and innovation, urging various sectors to work together in developing more numerous and effective targeted treatment drugs. This paves the way for new directions in cancer research and treatment, offering hope and improved quality of life for a greater number of patients in the future. In the future, targeted therapy for specific genetic mutations in cancer will continue to achieve more successes. With the continuous advancements in genetics and molecular biology, we will gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diseases, enabling the identification of more treatment targets. Simultaneously, personalized medicine will become more refined and widely applied, ensuring that each patient receives the most suitable treatment plan. Additionally, researchers will persist in addressing issues of treatment tolerance and
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