International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 40-47 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 43 treatment effectiveness can be improved, adverse reactions reduced, and better medical outcomes provided for patients. Individual genomic variations can influence drug metabolism, efficacy, and side effects. By detecting the variation status of key genes, it is possible to determine an individual's metabolic capacity and the risk of drug reactions to specific medications. For example, variations in the drug-metabolizing enzyme gene CYP2D6 can identify whether an individual is a rapid metabolizer, slow metabolizer, or ultra-slow metabolizer, allowing for adjustments in drug dosage and administration frequency. Understanding the relationship between individual genotypes and factors such as drug metabolism pathways and the affinity of drugs for their targets enables better predictions of drug efficacy and safety. Based on pharmacogenomic information, it is possible to select the most suitable drugs for individuals or adjust drug dosage and administration regimens (Alexandr et al., 2018). Drug selection and customization also require a comprehensive consideration of individual biological characteristics, disease status, and clinical manifestations. This may include factors such as age, gender, body mass index, liver and kidney function, etc. By comprehensively assessing these features, it is possible to more accurately choose drugs and determine appropriate dosages and administration routes. Personalized treatment also necessitates regular monitoring of a patient's efficacy and drug safety. By monitoring drug concentrations, clinical indicators, and biomarkers, among other factors, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of drug treatment and make timely adjustments to the treatment plan. Regular monitoring and feedback contribute to optimizing individual treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions. 2.2 Genome-driven combination drug therapy Genome-driven combination drug therapy is a personalized medical strategy that involves using multiple drugs simultaneously to target specific disease-driving genes or pathways based on a patient's genomic variations (Figure 3). This individualized treatment approach can more accurately select drugs suitable for the patient and has the potential to improve treatment responses and prognosis. Figure 3 Combined delivery of multiple drugs for anti-tumor therapy Conduct genomic analysis on patients, such as whole exome sequencing, gene chips, or other genomic technologies. This step can detect mutations, amplifications, deletions, or other variations in specific genes. Based on the results of genomic analysis, identify key genes or pathways driving tumor development. These driver genes are typically associated with processes such as tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, anti-apoptosis, etc. Choose drugs that can target these driver genes or pathways. These drugs can be approved targeted therapies or experimental drugs in clinical trials (Schloss et al., 2022).
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