International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 31-39 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 34 Figure 1 Enteric microorganisms Thaiss et al. (2016) showed that intestinal microorganisms can also directly affect the function of immune cells and reduce inflammatory responses by producing metabolites such as anti-inflammatory SCFAs. The impact of the intestinal microbiome on intestinal physiological functions is multifaceted. It participates in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulates intestinal immune function, maintains intestinal homeostasis, etc., and plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal health role. Jackson et al. (2019) discussed how intestinal microbes influence the inflammatory response in the intestine and the development of intestinal cancer through communication with host cell mitochondria. In-depth study of the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal physiological functions is of great significance for understanding the nature of intestinal health and developing disease prevention and treatment strategies based on the intestinal microbiome. 2.2 Association between intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases The imbalance of the intestinal microbiome is closely related to the occurrence and development of various intestinal diseases. Sokol et al. (2017) found that the composition of the intestinal microbiome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) changed significantly, especially the number of protective bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the phylum Firmicutes was reduced. , while the number of certain potentially harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria increases. This microbiome imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammation. Lee et al. (2022) have shown that imbalance of the intestinal microbiome may lead to the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and obesity. Certain members of the intestinal microbiome may be involved in the occurrence and development of intestinal tumors by producing carcinogens and promoting the growth of tumor cells. After reviewing multiple literatures, Talapko et al. (2022) reviewed the role of intestinal microbiome imbalance (dysbiosis) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to restore the balance of the intestinal microbiome. 2.3 The role of intestinal microbiome in maintaining intestinal homeostasis Intestinal homeostasis refers to the relatively stable state of the intestinal environment, which is of great significance to maintaining intestinal health. The gut microbiome plays a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The intestinal microbiome provides necessary nutrition and support for intestinal cells by participating in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and synthesizing vitamins. The intestinal microbiome maintains the intestinal environment by regulating immune responses and inhibiting the reproduction of harmful bacteria Stable.
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