International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 31-39 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 33 neonatal intestine immediately after birth, and interact with specific compounds in human milk interactions regulate their development. The host provides the environment and nutrients for the microbiome to survive, and the host's immune system also regulates and eliminates the microbiome. Hua et al. (2015) found that environmental factors and host genetics may interact to affect the composition of the human microbiome. The identification of host genetic variation related to the composition of the human microbiome not only provides clues for characterizing microbiome variation, but also helps to elucidate genetic Correlate biological mechanisms, prioritize genetic variants, and improve genetic risk prediction. 1.3 Distribution and function of microbiome in human body In the intestine, the microbiome promotes intestinal health by participating in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, synthesizing vitamins, and secreting short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbiome also interacts with the intestinal immune system to defend against invasion by foreign pathogens. In the skin and oral cavity, the microbiome also plays a similar role. They maintain the health of the skin and oral cavity through interactions with host cells (Hills et al., 2019). Popkes and Valenzano (2020) explored how interactions between the microbiome and the host influence aging dynamics. The study highlighted the association of microbial diversity with health and youthful status, with low individual microbial diversity and greater inter-individual microbial diversity. Differences are related to aging and disease states. The study highlights that the maintenance of the host-microbe symbiont (holobiont) is critical to resist external perturbations and influence host-specific aging-related phenotypes. Milani et al. (2017) study discussed the early colonizers of the infant intestinal microbiota, its composition, activities, and effects on health. The distribution of the microbiome in the human body is extensive and complex, ranging from the skin, mouth to intestines and other parts of the body. Microbiomes in different parts of the body vary in composition and function, but overall, the microbiome plays a variety of important roles in the human body. 2 Gut Microbiome and Gut Health The intestinal microbiome, as the largest microbial habitat in the human body, has a close and complex relationship with intestinal health. The intestinal microbiome not only participates in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also affects the immune function of the intestine and plays a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis (Figure 1). The impact of the gut microbiome on gut health will be explored in detail below. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal barrier function and intestinal homeostasis. By competitively excluding pathogenic microorganisms, regulating the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells, and producing beneficial metabolites, the intestinal microbiome helps prevent the transmembrane transport of harmful substances and microorganisms and maintain the stability of the intestinal environment (Clemente et al., 2012). The intestinal microbiome has an important impact on intestinal health. Through in-depth study of the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal health, we can better understand the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases and provide new methods for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases. ideas and methods. 2.1 The impact of intestinal microbiome on intestinal physiological functions The gut microbiome promotes intestinal health by participating in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. They break down dietary fiber and other difficult-to-digest carbohydrates to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). These short-chain fatty acids not only provide energy for intestinal cells but also help maintain intestinal pH. Stable, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria.
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