Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.1, 21-31 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 28 blocker of this pathway and the multi-target combination scheme can effectively delay the drug resistance process (Ciccarese et al., 2017; Hua et al., 2021). These advancements highlight the clinical value of drug resistance mechanism research and play a key role in improving therapeutic effects. 8 Summary and Outlook Research on the molecular regulatory mechanism of prostate cancer reveals that the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway remains the core driving factor for disease development. Although hormone therapy has achieved phased results, the castration resistance state caused by drug resistance remains the main therapeutic predicament. Mutations in genes related to homologous recombination repair defects (such as BRCA2 and ATM) not only aggravate the malignancy of tumors, but also provide targets for precise treatments such as PARP inhibitors. The study also found that the abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the dysregulation of the cell cycle form a multiple regulatory system, and combined intervention measures are required. Molecular mechanism research has become a key link between basic research and clinical practice. By analyzing genetic characteristics and epigenetic regulation, the formation of individualized diagnosis and treatment plans is promoted. The combination therapy of PARP inhibitors developed for patients with DNA repair defects has effectively improved the accuracy of treatment. The practical application of biomarker systems such as AR-V7 detection has completed the transformation from empirical treatment to molecular typing decision-making. These advancements provide new strategies for addressing drug resistance issues and optimizing prognosis. Subsequent research should focus on the innovative breakthroughs of personalized medical models. With the upgrading of gene sequencing technology, patient classification based on multi-omics data will improve treatment options. The application of ctDNA dynamic tracking technology can monitor the development trajectory of drug resistance in real time. Research on the regulation of the immune microenvironment (such as the development of neoantigen vaccines) and multi-pathway combined intervention strategies are expected to overcome the existing therapeutic predicaments. By constructing a multi-dimensional treatment systemsimultaneous improvement of quality of life and long-term prognosis is ultimately achieved. Acknowledgments I extends my sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback on the initial draft of this study, whose conscientious evaluations and constructive suggestions have contributed to the improvement of our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Antonarakis E.S., 2022, Genetics and genomics of prostate cancer and therapeutic implications, The Prostate, 82: S1-S2. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.24397 Aurilio G., Cimadamore, A., Mazzucchelli R., López-Beltran A., Verri E., Scarpelli M., Massari F., Cheng L., Santoni M., and Montironi R., 2020, Androgen receptor signaling pathway in prostate cancer: from genetics to clinical applications, Cells, 9(12): 2653. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122653 Barach Y., Lee J., and Zang X., 2011, T cell coinhibition in prostate cancer: new immune evasion pathways and emerging therapeutics, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 17(1): 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2010.09.006 Bashraheel S., Domling A., and Goda S., 2020, Update on targeted cancer therapies, single or in combination, and their fine tuning for precision medicine, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 125: 110009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110009 Bluemn E.G., Coleman I., Lucas J., Coleman R., Hernández-López S., Tharakan R., Bianchi-Frias D., Dumpit R., Kaipainen A., Corella A., Yang Y., Nyquist M., Mostaghel E., Hsieh A., Zhang X., Corey E., Brown L., Nguyen H., Pienta K., Ittmann M., Schweizer M., True L., Wise D., Rennie P., Vessella R., Morrissey C., and Nelson P., 2017, Androgen receptor pathway-independent prostate cancer is sustained through FGF signaling, Cancer Cell, 32(4): 474-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.003
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==