Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.1, 11-20 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 18 8 Concluding Remarks At present, a large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that there is an association between anti-inflammatory diets and a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. From the perspective of alternative standards such as the Healthy Diet Index and the Mediterranean Diet Score, the healthier the diet, the lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. On the contrary, a diet that is prone to inflammation will increase the risk of disease. Case-control studies and cohort studies conducted on different populations have all pointed out that a diet that includes more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts may play a role in preventing pancreatic cancer by regulating inflammation and related metabolic processes. Further research has also found that anti-inflammatory nutrients can affect the development of tumors and enhance the therapeutic effect. It is completely feasible to apply these research results to clinical treatment. Anti-inflammatory diets are highly safe, easily accessible, and in line with existing nutritional recommendations for cancer prevention and rehabilitation. Formulating personalized dietary plans for patients, conducting dietary knowledge popularization, and integrating anti-inflammatory diets into regular treatments can all help patients embrace this dietary approach. Especially after adjustments based on patients' treatment responses and personal preferences, the effects will be even better. However, it is still difficult to get patients to adhere to this diet for a long time while dealing with other conditions such as diabetes and obesity, because these conditions may weaken the effect of the anti-inflammatory diet. The following research focus should be placed on conducting large-scale, multi-center clinical trials, adopting a unified dietary intervention method, and strictly verifying relevant biomarkers, so as to clarify the causal relationship and mechanism of action between anti-inflammatory diet and pancreatic cancer. The research also needs to explore the effect of the combined use of new treatment methods such as anti-inflammatory diet and immunotherapy, and evaluate their impact on the quality of life and survival rate of patients. In clinical treatment, doctors should incorporate regular nutritional assessment and dietary guidance into the comprehensive treatment plan for pancreatic cancer, making patients aware that anti-inflammatory diets are modifiable risk factors and also an effective adjunctive treatment method. Acknowledgments I would like to thank Mrs. Zhang continuous support throughout the development of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Afshar N., Hodge A., Shivappa N., Hébert J., Giles G., English D., and Milne R., 2022, Dietary Inflammatory index, alternative healthy eating index-2010, mediterranean diet score and the risk of pancreatic cancer, Cancer Epidemiology, 82: 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2022.102295 Bosetti C., Bravi F., Turati F., Edefonti V., Polesel J., Decarli A., Negri E., Talamini R., Franceschi S., La Vecchia C., and Zeegers M., 2013, Nutrient-based dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer risk, Annals of Epidemiology, 23(3): 124-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.12.005 Cayssials V., Buckland G., Crous-Bou M., Bonet C., Weiderpass E., Skie G., Aune D., Heath A., Nøst T., Masala G., Agnoli C., De Magistris M., Bueno-De-Mesquita B., Derksen J., Huybrechts I., Ferrari P., Franklin O., Bodén S., Schulze M., Huerta J., Barricarte A., Sacerdote C., Amiano P., Tumino R., Molina-Montes E., Tjønneland A., Kyrø C., Severi G., Boutron‐Ruault M., Rebours V., Katzke V., Agudo A., and Jakszyn P., 2022, Inflammatory potential of diet and pancreatic cancer risk in the EPIC study, European Journal of Nutrition, 61(5): 2313-2320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02809-y Chen B., Patel S., Bao L.Y., Nadeem D., and Krittanawong C., 2024, Pro-inflammatory food, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular and pancreatic diseases, Biomolecules, 14(2): 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020210 Crusz S., and Balkwill F., 2015, Inflammation and cancer: advances and new agents, Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 12: 584-596. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.105 Farrow B., Sugiyama Y., Chen A., Uffort, E., Nealon W., and Evers M., 2004, Inflammatory mechanisms contributing to pancreatic cancer development, Annals of Surgery, 239: 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000128681.76786.07
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