Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.1, 11-20 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 16 lower the risk of cancer (Gianfredi et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2023). However, there is still very little research evidence for directly conducting dietary intervention on patients with pancreatic cancer and observing the effect. 5.3 Deficiencies and possible problems of the existing research Many epidemiological studies are observational and therefore vulnerable to interference from other factors (such as smoking, obesity, diabetes, and physical activity), which themselves affect both dietary habits and cancer risk (Bosetti et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2017; Qin et al., 2023). Methods for evaluating diet, such as the food frequency questionnaire, are prone to misremembering or misclassifying, which may make the observed connections seem weaker (Tayyem et al., 2022; Gianfredi et al., 2022). In addition, the proportion of people willing to participate in some case-control studies is not high, raising concerns that the results may not be comprehensive (Nkondjock et al., 2005). Overall, the strength of the evidence is usually regarded as weak or merely suggestive, and there are few strong data that can precisely prove the association between diet and risk (Gianfredi et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2023). Most aggregated data analyses emphasize the need for more high-quality prospective studies and randomized controlled trials to confirm the protective effect of anti-inflammatory diets and to gain a clearer understanding of exactly how it plays a role in the prevention and management of pancreatic cancer (Lu et al., 2017). 6 Clinical Application and Management 6.1 Personalized nutritional assessment and anti-inflammatory dietary plan design To effectively use anti-inflammatory diets in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, a comprehensive and personalized nutritional assessment must be conducted first. This assessment will understand the patient's current dietary habits, nutritional status, other diseases, and the side effects brought by the treatment. In this way, doctors can formulate a diet plan that meets the anti-inflammatory goals and the special needs of the patient (Zuniga et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2022). This kind of assessment is crucial because cancer patients often have problems such as malnutrition, physical fatigue and metabolic abnormalities, all of which can affect patients' adherence to the diet plan and the treatment effect. Based on the assessment results, when designing an anti-inflammatory diet plan, emphasis will be placed on choosing foods rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, olive oil and fatty fish, while minimizing the intake of processed foods, red meat and foods with added sugar. Considering the preferences and cultural background of patients can make them more willing to adhere to the diet plan and also contribute to the long-term change of dietary habits, which is very important for giving full play to the role of anti-inflammatory diet in cancer treatment (Zuniga et al., 2018; Mentella et al., 2019). 6.2 Sample menu and practical precautions The reference menu of anti-inflammatory diet usually draws on the Mediterranean diet pattern, including eating vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy oils every day, having an appropriate amount of fish and poultry, and eating less red meat and sweets (Zuniga et al., 2018). For example, a day's diet can be oatmeal with berries and walnuts for breakfast, lentil vegetable salad drizzled with olive oil for lunch, grilled salmon with quinoa and stir-fried broccoli for dinner, and snacks can be fresh fruits or yogurt with seeds (Mentella et al., 2019). In practical operation, it is necessary to take into account the uncomfortable symptoms brought about by the treatment, such as nausea, changes in taste or poor appetite, etc. At this time, it may be necessary to adjust the diet and choose nutritious and easily digestible foods (Zhang et al., 2022). Practice has proved that conducting dietary knowledge lectures, cooking training and providing encouragement and support can improve the compliance of cancer survivors with anti-inflammatory diets. This also indicates the importance of continuous guidance and active participation of patients in dietary intervention (Zuniga et al., 2018; Parma et al., 2022). 6.3 Synergistic mechanism with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy Anti-inflammatory diet can reduce systemic inflammation, enhance immune function, and may also reduce adverse reactions caused by treatment, thereby enhancing the efficacy of traditional cancer treatment methods
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