Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.1, 11-20 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 12 complementary treatment approach. Understanding the relationship among dietary patterns, the degree of body inflammation and the possibility of developing pancreatic cancer can lay the foundation for formulating dietary advice and public health measures, which may improve the patient's condition and alleviate the distress caused by the disease. This summary meeting will discuss the relevant patient information, the underlying scientific principles and the actual therapeutic effects. These evidences support the role of anti-inflammatory diets in the management of pancreatic cancer. 2 Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer 2.1 How does the inflammatory microenvironment promote tumor progression The surrounding environment of pancreatic tumors is characterized by extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells and extensive fibrosis, which jointly create conditions conducive to the survival of cancer cells, evasion of immune attacks, and spread and metastasis (Stone and Beatty, 2019; Padoan et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022). This inflammatory environment not only accelerates tumor growth, but also helps tumors resist immune clearance, making cancer more aggressive and less responsive to treatment (Stone and Beatty, 2019). In this environment, the balance of immune cells leans towards the immunosuppressive type, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), M2-type macrophages and regulatory T cells, which can suppress the body's anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor development (Padoan et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022). Cancer cells and inflammatory cells communicate dynamically through soluble factors and exosomes, which further promotes the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumors. 2.2 Main inflammatory signaling pathways Key inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB, STAT3 and COX-2, are crucial for the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (Farrow et al., 2004; Steele et al., 2013). The activation of these pathways in cancer cells and stromal cells leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, thereby promoting the proliferation, survival and invasion of tumor cells. In both chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissues, an increase in the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), the activator of NF-κB, can be observed, while a decrease in the expression of its inhibitor, I-κB. This indicates that there is a common inflammatory mechanism between the two that promotes carcinogenesis (Farrow et al., 2004; Mason, 2024). The overactivity of these pathways can also promote the formation of tumor-supporting matrices and accelerate the development of treatment resistance in tumors (Steele et al., 2013). 2.3 Changes in inflammation-related cytokines and gene expressions The inflammatory microenvironment of pancreatic cancer is manifested as changes in the cytokine profile, with elevated levels of substances such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukins that drive tumor growth and cachexia (Padoan et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022). These cytokines are usually carried by exosomes, promoting direct and indirect communication between cancer cells and immune cells, and further creating an environment of immunosuppression and tumor support (Padoan et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022). Gene expression analysis showed that in tissues of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, the levels of inflammatory mediators (such as IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinases) increased, while the expression of inflammatory inhibitors decreased (Farrow et al., 2004). The changes in the expression of these genes highlight the role of chronic inflammation in the transformation from benign pancreatic diseases to malignant diseases and also point out potential therapeutic intervention targets. 3 The Key Components and Modes of Action of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet 3.1 Polyphenols: possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities Fruits, vegetables and some spices are rich in polyphenols, such as curcumin, resveratrol and quercetin. These components have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. They can affect the oxidation and inflammatory processes of the body and reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory substances and reactive oxygen species, all of which are related to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer and poor chemotherapy effects (Hu
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