Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.6, 329-345 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 329 Research Insight Open Access Epigenetic Regulation Mechanisms of Non-coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer Shanshan Li 1, Mingzi Huang2, Chunyan Ji 1 1 Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of the gynecology and obstetrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China 2 Liuliqiao Outpatient Department, Jingnan Medical Area of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100161, China. Corresponding author: jichunyan218@sina.com Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2024, Vol.12, No.6 doi: 10.5376/cge.2024.12.0031 Received: 11 Oct., 2024 Accepted: 24 Nov., 2024 Published: 05 Dec., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li S.S., Huang M.Z., and Ji C.Y.,, 2024, Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 12(6): 329-345 (doi: 10.5376/cge.2024.12.0031) Abstract Ovarian cancer is a complex and lethal malignancy with a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in ovarian cancer. This research report delves into the mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling, thereby contributing to ovarian cancer progression. This study explores how lncRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, modulating the expression of cancer-related genes and interacting with various epigenetic regulators. Additionally, this study discuss the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets. This study underscore the importance of understanding lncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer. Keywords Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); Epigenetic regulation; Ovarian cancer; DNA methylation; Histone modification 1 Introduction Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, characterized by high mortality rates and often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of specific symptoms (Šeborová et al., 2021; Sabol et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022). The standard treatment typically involves surgery followed by chemotherapy with platinum or paclitaxel, but the prognosis remains poor due to frequent recurrence and the development of chemoresistance (Yang et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2022). The heterogeneity of OC, with various histotypes each having distinct molecular characteristics, further complicates treatment and prognosis (Natanzon et al., 2017). Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation are pivotal in tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy (Natanzon et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022). These modifications can influence gene expression and contribute to the development of chemoresistance, making them important targets for novel therapeutic strategies (Yang et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse group of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but are involved in the regulation of gene expression at various levels, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing (Razavi et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2022; Salamini-Montemurri et al., 2023). Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively studied in the context of ovarian cancer. These ncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are implicated in various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion (Sheng et al., 2020; Alshamrani, 2020; Sabol et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022). Their deregulation is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance, making them potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets (Alshamrani, 2020; Šeborová et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022; Salamini-Montemurri et al., 2023). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer. This study will discuss the roles of different types of ncRNAs, including lncRNAs, miRNAs, and
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