Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.4, 182-193 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 188 Nanoparticles can be engineered to have tunable size, shape, and surface properties, which allows for targeted delivery to tumor cells and minimizes off-target effects (Miele et al., 2012; Xin et al., 2017). Additionally, nanoparticles can facilitate the escape of siRNAs from the endocytic pathway, thereby enhancing their biological activity (Gomes‐da‐Silva et al., 2012; Mainini and Eccles, 2020). The use of targeting ligands, such as folic acid, further improves the specificity and transfection efficiency of siRNA delivery to tumor cells (Gangopadhyay et al., 2021). Figure 3 Representative Nanoparticle Delivery Systems (Adapted from Li et al., 2021) Image Caption: a: Liposomes, b: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), c: Micelles, d: Polyethylenimine (PEI), e: PAMAM Dendrimers, f: Non-cationic Polymer Nanoparticles, g: Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), h: Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNPs), i: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs), j: Upconversion Nanoparticles (Adapted from Li et al., 2021) 5.3 Viral-based delivery systems Viral vectors have also been employed for RNAi delivery in cervical cancer therapy. These vectors can efficiently deliver siRNAs to target cells due to their high transfection efficiency. However, the use of viral vectors is associated with several risks, including immunogenicity, insertional mutagenesis, and potential toxicity. Despite these risks, viral-based delivery systems remain a valuable tool for RNAi therapeutics, particularly when combined with other delivery strategies to mitigate adverse effects (Miele et al., 2012). 5.4 Other innovative approaches In addition to nanoparticle and viral-based delivery systems, other innovative approaches are being explored to enhance RNAi delivery in cervical cancer therapy. For instance, the development of multifunctional nanoparticles that combine imaging and therapeutic capabilities has shown promise in improving the delivery and monitoring of siRNA therapeutics. These theranostic nanoparticles can provide real-time visualization of siRNA delivery and therapeutic efficacy, thereby enabling more precise and effective treatment (Kenny et al., 2011). Furthermore, the use of dynamic polyconjugates, GalNAc-siRNA conjugates, exosomes, and red blood cell (RBC) systems are
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