Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.3, 125-136 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 134 translation of these findings into clinical practice is still limited by issues such as tumor heterogeneity and acquired resistance. Future research should focus on several key areas to enhance the prospects of precision treatment for liver cancer. Firstly, expanding the scope of genomic and transcriptomic profiling to include a broader range of genetic alterations and their functional impacts will be crucial. This includes the exploration of noncoding regions and their role in liver cancer progression. Additionally, the development of comprehensive pharmacogenomic databases, such as the Liver Cancer Model Repository (LIMORE), can facilitate the discovery of novel gene-drug associations and predictive biomarkers. Another promising direction is the integration of multi-omics data to provide a more holistic view of tumor biology. Combining genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data can help identify new therapeutic targets and improve the accuracy of molecular classifications. Furthermore, the implementation of personalized combination therapies, as demonstrated in the I-PREDICT study, shows potential in overcoming the limitations of single-agent treatments and addressing tumor heterogeneity. Finally, the establishment of robust molecular tumor boards and the use of advanced computational tools for data analysis and interpretation will be essential in translating genomic findings into clinical practice. These efforts should be complemented by the development of adaptive clinical trial designs that can accommodate the dynamic nature of tumor biology and the evolving landscape of precision medicine. The journey towards precision treatment for liver cancer is fraught with challenges, but the advancements in genome-wide association studies and molecular profiling offer a beacon of hope. By leveraging the power of genomics and integrating multi-omics data, we can move closer to realizing the full potential of precision medicine. The future of liver cancer treatment lies in our ability to personalize therapy based on the unique genetic and molecular landscape of each patient, ultimately improving survival rates and quality of life for those affected by this devastating disease. Continued collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and patients will be key to driving these innovations forward and achieving meaningful clinical outcomes. Acknowledgments The author sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable feedback on the first draft of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bertucci F., Gonçalves A., Guille A., Adelaı̈de J., Garnier S., Carbuccia N., Billon E., Finetti P., Sfumato P., Monneur A., Pêcheux C., Khran M., Brunelle S., Mescam L., Thomassin-Piana J., Poizat F., Charafe-Jauffret E., Turrini O., Lambaudie E., Provansal M., Extra J., Madroszyk A., Gilabert M., Sabatier R., Vicier C., Mamessier E., Chabannon C., Pakradouni J., Viens P., Andre F., Gravis G., Popovici C., Birnbaum D., and Chaffanet M., 2021, Prospective high-throughput genome profiling of advanced cancers: results of the PERMED-01 clinical trial, Genome Medicine, 13(1): 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-021-00897-9 Chen B., Garmire L., Calvisi D., Chua M., Kelley R., and Chen X., 2020, Harnessing big 'omics' data and AI for drug discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 17(4): 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0240-9 Colomer R., Mondejar R., Romero-Laorden N., Alfranca A., Sánchez‐Madrid F., and Quintela-Fandino M., 2020, When should we order a next generation sequencing test in a patient with cancer?, EClinicalMedicine, 25: 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100487 Di Paolo A., Arrigoni E., Luci G., Cucchiara F., Danesi R., and Galimberti S., 2019, Precision medicine in lymphoma by innovative instrumental platforms, Frontiers in Oncology, 9: 1417. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.01417 Fu J., and Wang H., 2018, Precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China, Cancer Letters, 412: 283-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.008 Gagan J., and Van Allen E.M., 2015, Next-generation sequencing to guide cancer therapy, Genome Medicine, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-015-0203-x Heinrich S., Craig A., Ma L., Heinrich B., Greten T., and Wang X., 2020, Understanding tumor cell heterogeneity and its implication for immunotherapy in liver cancer by single cell analysis, J. Hepatol, 16: 36.
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