Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.2, 70-78 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 76 understand the genetic mutations present, allowing them to tailor personalized treatment plans. For instance, specific gene mutations may guide the selection of targeted drugs that act directly on cancer cells, achieving precise treatment effects. Besides genomic technologies, immunotherapy has brought breakthroughs to personalized cancer treatment. By activating the patient's immune system to attack cancer cells, immunotherapy has become a lifesaver for many cancer patients. Particularly, therapies targeting specific tumor markers, such as CAR-T cell therapy and PD-1 inhibitors, have shown remarkable results in clinical trials. 4.3 Prospects of gene editing and gene repair technologies in personalized cancer treatment The prospects for applying gene editing and gene repair technologies in personalized cancer treatment are broad and promising. These technologies, especially the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system, have revolutionized cancer treatment (Mary et al., 2020). Gene editing can precisely target and modify specific genes within a patient’s body, correcting or eliminating mutations that cause cancer. For example, editing oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes can restore normal cell function and prevent cancer progression. In personalized cancer treatment, gene editing technologies can tailor treatment plans based on a patient's genomic information. Editing a patient's own immune cells to more effectively recognize and attack cancer cells strengthens immunotherapy as a powerful weapon. Additionally, gene editing can be used to develop new cell therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, by modifying T cells to express specific cancer-fighting receptors. Gene repair technologies focus on repairing damaged DNA, preventing or reversing the onset of cancer. In cancer treatment, gene repair can address hereditary diseases caused by genetic mutations, reducing cancer risk. Moreover, repairing DNA damage in tumor cells can inhibit their proliferation and spread, offering a new strategy for cancer treatment. Although gene editing and gene repair technologies are still in the early stages of application in cancer treatment, continued improvements and in-depth clinical research are expected to bring more breakthroughs and progress in the future. These technologies hold the potential to be key in curing cancer, improving the quality of life and extending the lifespan of cancer patients. 5 Conclusion and Outlook As technology continues to advance, genomics is gradually unveiling the profound mysteries of life, particularly in the field of cancer treatment, where its application prospects and significance are increasingly prominent. Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, is becoming an important direction in modern medical development. It emphasizes creating unique treatment plans based on the specific biological characteristics of each patient, aimed at improving treatment outcomes, reducing side effects, and enhancing the quality of life for patients (Janet et al., 2020). Genomic technologies, especially whole-genome sequencing, provide strong support for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. By conducting in-depth analysis of the genomic data from a patient's tumor tissue, doctors can accurately understand the genetic mutations within the patient, thus developing personalized treatment plans. This genomics-based precision treatment strategy not only improves treatment outcomes but also significantly reduces unnecessary side effects, bringing greater hope for survival to patients. Additionally, genomic technology offers new ideas for optimizing drug development and immunotherapy. By studying the functions of specific genetic mutations in depth, scientists can develop more precise and effective targeted drugs. The rise of immunotherapy has brought revolutionary changes to cancer treatment. By editing or regulating the patient's immune system, genomic technologies are expected to further enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy, benefiting more patients. However, despite significant achievements in personalized cancer treatment using genomics, numerous challenges remain. Further optimization of technology, enhanced integration and analysis of data, proper handling of ethical and privacy issues, and strengthened international cooperation are all critical directions for
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