Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 37-46 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 41 pathways associated with cancer progression can be identified. This information is crucial for understanding the biological behavior of gastric cancer and developing new therapies targeting specific molecular targets. However, proteomics faces challenges, including the high complexity and dynamic range of proteins, as well as the difficulty of effectively extracting and separating proteins from clinical samples. Additionally, post-translational modifications of proteins add complexity to the analysis. 3.3 Data analysis methods and challenges With the development of genomics and proteomics technologies, the volume of generated data has grown exponentially. Effectively analyzing these large-scale data sets is crucial for gastric cancer research. Data analysis typically involves data preprocessing, statistical analysis, bioinformatics modeling, and interpretation. Data preprocessing is a crucial step in ensuring data quality, involving the removal of technical biases and standardization processes. Subsequently, statistical analysis is employed to identify significant differences in genes or proteins. These differences are then subjected to functional annotation and network analysis through bioinformatics tools and databases to understand their biological significance in gastric cancer. Despite the availability of advanced data analysis tools, gastric cancer research still faces several challenges. Firstly, the heterogeneity of data requires researchers to employ complex statistical methods for interpretation. Secondly, due to the complexity of biological systems, a single gene or protein often cannot comprehensively explain the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of data at multiple levels, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data, is needed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding. Finally, translating these research findings into clinical applications is also a significant challenge. For example, while studies may identify multiple potential biomarkers, validating their effectiveness and feasibility in actual clinical settings is another major task. 4 Advances in Imaging Technologies The progress of imaging technologies has significantly advanced the field of early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Diagnostic tools such as PET/CT and MRI provide unique perspectives and values, despite some limitations. Future technological advancements and innovations are expected to overcome these challenges, offering patients more precise and efficient diagnostic services. 4.1 Introduction to the latest imaging technologies, such as PET/CT, MRI, etc. The development of imaging technologies in the field of medicine has become an integral part of modern diagnostic approaches, particularly playing a crucial role in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. In recent years, advancements in technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new perspectives for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. PET/CT combines the advantages of two technologies: PET can detect abnormal metabolic activity in the body, while CT provides detailed anatomical structural images. This combination enables physicians to more accurately determine the location and size of cancer, as well as the presence of distant metastases. In contrast, MRI is renowned for its excellent soft tissue contrast, providing more precise images, especially in the differentiation of the gastric wall and adjacent tissues. 4.2 Application of new technologies in early diagnosis of gastric cancer In the early diagnosis of gastric cancer, the application of PET/CT and MRI is of significant importance. PET/CT can detect tiny tumors and early metastases, crucial for determining the staging of gastric cancer and guiding treatment plans. In some cases, PET/CT can reveal small metastases that other diagnostic methods may miss. The role of MRI in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer is also noteworthy. It is particularly valuable for detecting the depth of infiltration into the gastric wall, aiding in the assessment of tumor invasiveness and the formulation
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