Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 37-46 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 37 Research Report Open Access The Application and Challenges of Emerging Technologies in Early Diagnosis and Screening of Gastric Cancer: From Molecular Markers to Imaging Advances AnitaWang Institute of Life Science,Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding author email: 2741098603@qq.com Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2024, Vol.12, No.1 doi: 10.5376/cge.2024.12.0005 Received: 13 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 15 Jan., 2024 Published: 01 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang A., 2024, The application and challenges of emerging technologies in early diagnosis and screening of gastric cancer: from molecular markers to imaging advances, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 12(1): 37-46 (doi: 10.5376/cge.2024.12.0005) Abstract This study comprehensively elucidates the application and challenges of emerging technologies in the early diagnosis and screening of gastric cancer, focusing on the latest developments from molecular biomarkers to imaging techniques. It aims to provide a comprehensive perspective for researchers in the field of early gastric cancer diagnosis, aiding in understanding and evaluating the application and challenges of these technologies. The study systematically introduces the importance of early diagnosis of gastric cancer and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. It delves into the application of molecular biomarkers in early gastric cancer diagnosis, including the latest discovered biomarkers and their current clinical applications. Furthermore, the study analyzes the application of genomics and proteomics technologies and their potential in diagnosing gastric cancer. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of the latest imaging technologies such as PET/CT and MRI in gastric cancer screening. The study acknowledges that despite the immense potential of these emerging technologies, they still face multiple challenges in specificity and sensitivity, cost and accessibility, complexity in data processing, and the need for clinical validation and standardization. Finally, the authors propose future research directions, including improving the specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers, reducing the cost of technologies, enhancing the application of artificial intelligence in data processing, and strengthening clinical trials and standardization of emerging technologies. Keywords Gastric cancer; Early diagnosis; Molecular biomarkers; Imaging techniques; Genomics Stomach cancer, as one of the most common malignant tumors globally, exhibits significant variations in incidence and mortality rates across different countries and regions. According to data from the World Health Organization, stomach cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with approximately one million new cases reported each year. In East Asia, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea, the incidence of stomach cancer remains high, whereas it is comparatively lower in Western countries. This geographical disparity may be attributed to various factors such as genetics, dietary habits, and Helicobacter pylori infection (Sekiguchi et al., 2022). In clinical practice, the treatment outcome of gastric cancer is largely contingent upon the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. Early-stage gastric cancer patients exhibit relatively high five-year survival rates following appropriate treatment. However, due to the inconspicuous symptoms of early-stage gastric cancer, a majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, significantly diminishing the efficacy of treatment and overall survival rates. Consequently, enhancing the early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer has become an important topic in current research and clinical interventions for gastric cancer. The early diagnosis of gastric cancer is crucial for improving patient survival rates. Research indicates that early-stage gastric cancer patients, following surgical resection, can achieve a five-year survival rate of over 90%, significantly surpassing that of advanced-stage patients (Tan, 2019). However, due to the typically subtle symptoms of early-stage gastric cancer and limitations in early screening techniques, many patients are diagnosed at later stages of the disease progression. Currently, endoscopic examination stands as the primary method for
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