Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 27-36 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 28 system, providing an important reference for the study of women's health problems. This review aims to enhance understanding of female cancers, facilitating better prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. Through collective efforts, significant strides are expected in the prevention and treatment of female cancers. 1 Epidemiology and Statistical Data of Female Cancers 1.1 Trends in female cancer incidence The trends in female cancers are a complex issue, varying with time and geographical locations, leading to changes in the types and incidence rates of female cancers. Apart from the commonly known breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, women may also suffer from other types of cancers such as cervical, lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Among these, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer globally, while lung cancer stands out as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The trend of female cancer incidence also correlates with age. Generally, as women grow older, their risk of developing cancer increases. For instance, the incidence of breast cancer sharply rises after the age of 50. The trends in female cancers are also influenced by regional and cultural backgrounds. Statistically, developed countries exhibit higher incidence and mortality rates of female cancers compared to developing nations. One significant reason behind this is that women in developed countries tend to marry and conceive later in life, leading to lower fertility rates, consequently increasing the risk of developing cancers. In several developing countries, the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers are on the rise annually. Due to insufficient health education and medical resources, many women are unable to detect and treat cancers early. Overall, the trends in female cancers are a critical concern. With aging populations and changes in lifestyles, the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers might continue to rise. Therefore, it's imperative to bolster health education, enhance women's health awareness, and intensify research and practices in cancer prevention and treatment. 1.2 Global incidence and mortality statistics of female cancers The incidence and mortality rates of female cancers globally pose a significant public health concern. The rising incidence and mortality rates of female cancers have imposed substantial burdens on the global medical, social, and economic sectors. Here, I'll supplement information regarding the global statistics on the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers. Both the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers worldwide have been steadily increasing. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the global incidence and mortality rates of female cancers stand at 181 and 86 per 100 00 populations, respectively. Among these, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers are the three major types of female cancers. Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent type among female cancers, with approximately 2.3 million new cases reported globally each year. It's estimated that the incidence rate of breast cancer will continue to rise in the coming decades. The incidence of endometrial cancer is also on the rise, with a decreasing age of onset. WHO estimates around 320 000 new cases of endometrial cancer occurring globally each year. Ovarian cancer, the most fatal among female cancers, exhibits high incidence and mortality rates. Approximately 220 000 new cases of ovarian cancer are reported annually, with over 90% being malignant. Due to the lack of early symptoms, early detection of ovarian cancer is challenging. Therefore, the treatment of ovarian cancer is also more difficult. Significant disparities exist in the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers among different regions and countries. In some developed nations, the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers surpass those of developing countries. For instance, in the United States, both the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers are higher than in China. This is mainly attributed to factors such as delayed marriage and childbearing, lower fertility rates, unhealthy diets, and lack of physical activity among women in developed countries. However, in some developing countries, the incidence and mortality rates of female cancers are also on the rise due to factors like insufficient health education and medical resources, changes in dietary structures, air and water pollution, among others. The global incidence and mortality rates of female cancers continue to rise. Understanding these statistics is crucial for devising preventive and treatment strategies. Furthermore, reinforcing health education,
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