Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 15-26 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 22 scenarios, making the search for new treatment approaches particularly crucial. Immunotherapy, as a novel therapeutic strategy, is being extensively researched and applied in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. One primary method of immunotherapy involves immune checkpoint inhibitors. These medications work by blocking inhibitory signaling molecules on tumor cells' surfaces, such as PD-1 or PD-L1, activating the body's immune system and enhancing its ability to attack tumors. Research indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitors show certain efficacy in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Figure 3 May form the site of cancer Clinical trials have demonstrated considerable efficacy of the PD-1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. One study reported an overall response rate of approximately 30% in patients treated with Pembrolizumab. Additionally, another clinical trial indicated that the PD-L1 inhibitor Avelumab exhibits some therapeutic potential in recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Besides immune checkpoint inhibitors, other immunotherapy strategies are under investigation for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Immune cell therapy is a treatment method that modifies the patient's own immune cells and then injects them into the body. For instance, CAR-T cell therapy modifies a patient's T cells to recognize and attack tumor cells, subsequently reintroducing them into the patient's body. Recent studies suggest that CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates certain therapeutic potential in recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Despite showing certain efficacy in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer, immunotherapy faces challenges and limitations. Immunotherapy response rates are limited, and there might be variations in immune responses among different patients. Hence, when selecting immunotherapy regimens, considering individual patient characteristics and immune status is crucial. Immunotherapy may trigger immune-related adverse effects like inflammatory reactions and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, close monitoring and management of immunotherapy-related adverse events are essential. Immunotherapy, as a novel treatment strategy, demonstrates certain efficacy in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunocellular therapy are the primary immunotherapy methods presently. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal application methods and patient selection criteria for immunotherapy in recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. Advancements in scientific technology and a deeper understanding of immunotherapy mechanisms aim to enhance its efficacy and offer better treatment choices for patients. 3.3 Evaluation metrics and methods for immunotherapy efficacy assessment Survival duration is a crucial indicator for assessing treatment effects. Common survival durations include progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PFS refers to the time patients survive without disease progression, while OS measures the time from treatment initiation to death. By comparing the survival periods of immunotherapy and control groups, the efficacy of immunotherapy can be evaluated. Complete response rate (CR) and partial response rate (PR) are vital indicators for assessing tumor treatment effects. CR signifies the disappearance or undetectability of tumors, while PR indicates tumor shrinkage but not complete disappearance. The response rate of immunotherapy can be determined by measuring changes in tumor volume or lesion size.
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