Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 8-14 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 12 Advancing studies in genetics, metabolism, and immunology is crucial to unearth new treatment and prevention strategies. Research into genetic variations and expressions concerning cervical cancer development could pave the way for targeted treatment strategies. Similarly, exploring the relationship between metabolites, immune factors, and cervical cancer could reveal potential treatment and prevention avenues. Strengthening fundamental research in cervical cancer etiology to explore new treatment and prevention strategies is critical for its prevention and control. Continuously exploring innovative treatment and prevention strategies can enhance the cure and survival rates of cervical cancer, offering patients more hope and possibilities (Gao and Zhang, 2023). 3.2 Enhancing screening and diagnostic techniques for prevention and treatment Early screening and diagnosis play a vital role in preventing and treating cervical cancer, requiring continued improvement in techniques. While there have been significant advancements in cervical cancer screening and diagnostic technologies, numerous challenges persist, demanding further enhancement of their accuracy and reliability. China needs to research more precise and effective HPV screening techniques to further improve the accuracy and reliability of HPV screening. At present, commonly used HPV screening techniques include liquid thin-layer cytology, HPV-DNA detection, and protein chips. These technologies have been widely applied in clinical practice, but there are still some problems, such as high false positive and false negative rates, complex operations, etc., which need to be improved in accuracy and reliability (Huh et al., 2015; Chuang et al., 2016). Exploration of more sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques like liquid-based cytology, biomarkers, and imaging is vital to improve early diagnosis rates and treatment outcomes for cervical cancer. Although liquid-based cytology has seen significant accuracy improvements, issues persist, such as a high false-positive rate and diagnostic results influenced by collected cell quantity and quality. Hence, there's a need for further refinement. Biomarkers and imaging are essential research areas. Biomarkers, detecting specific proteins, genes, or metabolites, offer high specificity and sensitivity. Imaging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can determine tumor location, size, morphology, and its relationship with surrounding tissues. While these technologies are extensively used clinically, further research and refinement are needed to enhance their accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, promoting and popularizing advanced treatment and surgical techniques like microwave therapy, laser treatment, and surgical excision are essential to improve treatment effectiveness and survival rates. These techniques are widely used clinically but require further research and improvement to enhance efficacy and safety (Cuzick et al., 2008; Pfaendler and Tewari, 2016). Enhancing screening and diagnostic techniques for cervical cancer prevention and control is critical. Continuous exploration of new technologies and methods to improve their accuracy and reliability is necessary to provide better treatment and recovery for patients. Simultaneously, strengthening healthcare professionals' training and education to enhance their understanding and treatment levels for cervical cancer is essential to offer patients comprehensive and superior medical services (Table 1). Table 1 Preventive screening in women of different age groups Population (Age) Recommended screening methods Propose <21 No screening - 21~29 Cytology was screened individually every 3 years - 30~65 None (Best), or cytology alone every 3 years (acceptable) HPV screening alone is not recommended >65 If the previous screening has sufficient negative results, there is no need to screen again If the previous screening has sufficient negative results, there is no need to screen again Female gender after the hysterectomy No screening is required For women with no cervix and no CIN 2, CIN 3, adenocarcinoma or cervical cancer Women vaccinated with the HPV vaccine Follow the screening strategy for the corresponding age -
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==