Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics 2024, Vol.12, No.1, 8-14 http://www.medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 10 increasing the risk of cervical cancer. Research indicates that individuals with BRCA1 gene mutations have 2-3 times higher risk of developing cervical cancer compared to the general population. Furthermore, other gene mutations may also be linked to cervical cancer. For example, mutations in the MLH1 gene could heighten the risk of cervical cancer, while the absence of the GSTT1 gene might potentially reduce the risk. Future studies focusing on genetic aspects are necessary to explore the impact of gene mutations on cervical cancer occurrence, aiding in the development of more targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. Currently, some genetic testing companies offer mutation tests targeting genes like BRCA1, enabling women to understand their risk of cervical cancer for more precise preventive and treatment measures. Genetic factors are significant influencers in the development of cervical cancer. Mutations in genes like BRCA1 can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer, and genetic testing can help women understand their susceptibility to cervical cancer for more precise preventive and therapeutic approaches. Apart from genetic factors, various other elements such as dietary habits, lifestyle, and environmental pollution may affect gene expression, indirectly impacting cervical cancer occurrence. Further research into these factors' impact on gene expression and function is crucial for better prevention and treatment of cervical cancer (Trimble et al., 2015). 1.3 Other related factors 1.3.1 Long-term use of oral contraceptives There is a certain correlation between long-term use of oral contraceptives and the incidence of cervical cancer. Studies have found that the risk of developing cervical cancer increases in women who have used oral contraceptives for more than 5 years. The mechanism of oral contraceptives involves suppressing ovulation to prevent pregnancy. However, long-term usage might also affect the growth and differentiation of cervical epithelial cells, thereby increasing the risk of cervical cancer. 1.3.2 Early initiation of sexual activity The early initiation of sexual activity is associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. During adolescence, the cervix is not fully mature, making it less resistant to pathogens and more susceptible to infections. Additionally, early initiation of sexual activity might lead to dysplasia in cervical epithelial cells, further increasing the risk of cervical cancer. Multiple pregnancies are also linked to the incidence of cervical cancer. Research indicates that multiple pregnancies can elevate the risk of developing cervical cancer, possibly due to the damage and repair processes in cervical epithelial cells caused by multiple pregnancies, consequently increasing the risk of cervical cancer. 1.3.3 Smoking and other factors Smoking is another significant factor contributing to cervical cancer. Studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer, possibly because carcinogens in tobacco can directly or indirectly affect the growth and differentiation of cervical epithelial cells. Besides the mentioned factors, various other elements such as immune function, nutritional status, among others, might influence cervical cancer occurrence. Further research is needed to explore the impact of these factors on cervical cancer incidence to develop more precise preventive and treatment strategies. In summary, long-term use of oral contraceptives, early initiation of sexual activity, multiple pregnancies, smoking, and other factors could influence cervical cancer occurrence. Understanding these related factors can help women take effective preventive measures to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Moreover, future research is crucial to delve deeper into the mechanisms behind cervical cancer occurrence to provide more accurate preventive and treatment measures. 2 Factors Influencing the Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is one of the important health issues for women worldwide. It is a malignant tumor that is related to multiple factors in its occurrence and development. Annually, over 500 000 women globally succumb to cervical cancer, with a majority occurring in low and middle-income countries. The global annual incidence of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==