Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 233-243 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 240 Figure 3 AS regulates Ang-1/Tie-2/FAk pathway. (A) Protein level of p-Tie-2, Ang-1 and Ang-2, results are expressed as mean±SD, n=3, ** p< .01, * p< .05. (B) Quantitative analysis of Ang-1, Ang-2 and p-Tie-2 concentration, n=3. Results are expressed as mean±SD, ** p< .001, * p< .05, ns indicates not significant. (C) Protein level of FAK and GRB7, results are expressed as mean±SD, n=3, ** p< .01, * p< .05. (D) IF staining, the green region is FAK, results are expressed as mean ± SD, n=3, ** p< .01, * p< .05 (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2023) 8 Conclusions and Perspectives S. miltiorrhiza extract has demonstrated multi-target cardioprotective effects, in ischemic heart disease models, and its mechanisms involve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and endothelial protection aspects. The lipophilic components, like tanshinones, and water-soluble components (e.g., salvianolic acids) in S. miltiorrhiza work in synergy to regulate multiple molecular pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, etc. The integration results of these molecular mechanisms are manifested as the improvement of cardiac function, the reduction of infarct area, and the alleviation of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis. S. miltiorrhiza can also regulate the metabolic profile, intestinal microbiota and angiogenesis, further supporting its therapeutic potential in ischemic heart disease.
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